INFORMED DECISION MAKING IN PROSTATE CANCER SCREENING

描述：(申请人的描述)筛查的效用 前列腺癌的无症状男性是有争议的，因为它还没有 已证明前列腺癌的早期诊断和治疗 事实降低了死亡率。因此，NCI建议将前列腺癌 在癌症筛查之前，应该先对患者进行教育，并进行 知情同意。该研究计划的目标是开发和测试 不偏不倚的患者教育方法，并帮助患者实现 他们自己的喜好，直到来自PLCO癌症的最终数据 可进行筛查试验。重要的是，该项目的目标是 既不是为了促进也不是为了减少前列腺癌筛查。在建议的 研究，泰勒博士将进行一项流行率研究，以评估 对前列腺的局限性和益处的认识和理解 在200名男性的随机社区样本中进行癌症筛查。接下来，在一个 在干预研究中，她将评估两种形式的干预效果 基于视频的患者教育，其有效性定义为 知识获取和患者满意度，在有 登记前列腺癌筛查(N=50)。主题将是 随机分配到以下三种情况之一：(1)没有教育背景 干预(标准知情同意)，(2)基于视频的患者教育 旨在增加知识(仅限教育)；或(3)基于视频的患者 旨在增加知识和挑战认知偏见的教育 这可能会阻碍知识获取(Education+)。泰勒博士将评估 认知偏见是否会阻碍对核心信息的理解 做出明智的决定，以及是否进行干预以减少这些 偏见会带来知识的增加和满意度的提高。这样做的目的是 研究是为了促进关于前列腺癌的明智决策 筛选，同时对围绕这一争议保持中立 前列腺癌筛查。泰勒博士的培训计划 提议将补充她的研究计划，通过加强泰勒博士的 流行病学和生物统计学、生物伦理学、组织病理学和 预防肿瘤学。随着这些领域的快速发展，它是 这些学科的培训越来越重要，以满足 她的职业目标是成为一名独立的癌症预防和控制人员 研究员。这一奖项将使她能够获得培训和 作为一名临床医生，为补充她的背景所必需的经历 心理学家，并通过以下方式开发更强大的研究计划 与来自多个学科的研究人员合作。

DESCRIPTION: (Applicant's Description) The utility of screening asymptomatic men for prostate cancer is controversial, as it has not yet been demonstrated that early diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in fact reduces mortality. Consequently, the NCI has recommended that prostate cancer screening should be preceded by patient education and by a process of informed consent. The goal of this research program is to develop and test methods of unbiased patient education, and to assist patients in realizing their own preferences until the definitive data from the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial are available. Importantly, the goal of the project is neither to promote nor to reduce prostate cancer screening. In the proposed research, Dr. Taylor will conduct a prevalence study to assess the level of knowledge and understanding of the limitations and benefits of prostate cancer screening in a random community sample of 200 men. Next, in an intervention study, she will evaluate the effectiveness of two forms of video-based patient education, with effectiveness defined in terms of knowledge acquisition and patient satisfaction, among men who have registered for prostate cancer screening (N = 50). Subjects will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) no educational intervention (Standard Informed Consent), (2) video-based patient education designed to increase knowledge (Education Only); or (3) video-based patient education designed to increase knowledge and to challenge cognitive biases that may hinder knowledge acquisition (Education+). Dr. Taylor will assess whether cognitive biases hinder comprehension of information that is central to making an informed decision, and whether intervening to reduce these biases results in increased knowledge and satisfaction. The purpose of this research is to facilitate informed decision making about prostate cancer screening while remaining neutral with regard to the controversy surrounding prostate cancer screening. The training program that Dr. Taylor has proposed will complement her research program, by strengthening Dr. Taylor's background in epidemiology and biostatistics, bioethics, histopathology, and preventive oncology. With the rapid advances in these fields, it is increasingly important to have training in these disciplines in order meet her career goal of becoming an independent cancer prevention and control researcher. This award will allow her to obtain the training and experiences necessary to complement her background as a clinical psychologist, and to develop a stronger research program through collaborations with researchers from a wide array of disciplines.