CANCER PREVENTION & CONTROL--MULTIDISCIPLINARY TRAINING

1997年，100多万美国人被诊断出患有癌症，50多万美国人死于癌症。由于生活方式和环境的影响占癌症负担的很大一部分，人们越来越认识到癌症预防和控制工作的重要性。显然，需要在癌症预防方面做出更多努力。最近为NCI编写的两份报告强调需要在生物心理社会研究(即癌症病因和进展中生物、心理和社会过程之间的相互作用)方面做出新的努力，以及在基础行为和社会研究方面采取研究举措，旨在增加我们对行为变化(如吸烟)从个人层面(如风险感知)到群体(如家庭影响)和社会(如社会阶层)层面的机制的理解。这些报告还指出，迫切需要培养一支训练有素、具备必要的跨学科技能的研究科学家队伍，以有效和高效地解决这些复杂问题。拟议拨款的目标是通过一个基础广泛的、多学科的博士后癌症预防和控制培训计划，重点关注生物行为问题，促进这类研究人员的发展。实习生将具有：医学、心理学、公共卫生或相关学科的高级学位，表现出研究能力，并对研究事业表现出强烈的承诺。为期两年的博士后计划将包括正式的教学培训(例如，核心课程系列讲座、高级课程、研讨会系列)和在经验丰富的P受体的直接指导下，对正在进行的联邦政府资助的癌症预防和控制研究项目的实践研究经验。具体目标1。为研究生学员提供多学科的癌症预防和控制教育课程，整合生物、行为、心理和社区观点。具体目标2.通过亲身参与正在进行的联邦资助的研究项目，包括培训教师之间的多学科合作，向受训人员传授癌症预防和控制方面的跨学科研究方法。具体目标3.在研究导师的指导下，通过在撰写研究论文和补助金方面的正式指导和直接经验，促进受训者在癌症预防和控制方面的独立研究事业的发展。

More than a million Americans were diagnosed with cancer in 1997 and more than half a million Americans died as a result of cancer. Because lifestyle and environmental influences account for a substantial portion of the cancer burden, the importance of efforts in cancer prevention and control is increasingly recognized. Clearly, increased efforts in cancer prevention are needed. Two recent reports prepared for the NCI have emphasized the need for new efforts in biopsychosocial research (i.e., the interactions among biological, psychological, and social processes in cancer etiology and progression), as well as research initiatives in basic behavioral and social research aimed at increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of behavioral change (e.g., smoking) from the individual level (e.g., risk perception) to the group (e.g., family influences) and society (e.g., social class) levels. These reports have also noted the critical need to develop a cadre of highly trained research scientists with the necessary interdisciplinary skills to effectively and efficiently address these complex issues. The goal of the proposed grant is to foster the development of such researchers through a broadly based, multidisciplinary, Postdoctoral Training Program in Cancer Prevention and Control, with an emphasis on biobehavioral issues. Trainees will have: an advanced degree in Medicine, Psychology, Public Health, or a related discipline, have demonstrated research abilities, and shown a strong commitment to a research career. The two year postdoctoral program will include both formal didactic training (e.g., a Core Curriculum lecture series, advanced courses, seminar series) and hand-on research experience with an ongoing federally-funded research project in Cancer Prevention and Control under the direct tutelage of an experienced Preceptor. Specific Aim 1. To provide postgraduate trainees with a multidisciplinary curriculum for education in Cancer Prevention and Control that integrates biological, behavioral, psychological, and community perspectives. Specific Aim 2. To teach trainees interdisciplinary research approaches in Cancer Prevention and Control through hands-on participation in ongoing federally-funded research programs involving multidisciplinary collaboration among the training faculty. Specific Aim 3. To foster the development of independent research careers in Cancer Prevention and Control among trainees through both formal instruction and direct experience with writing research papers and grants, with the guidance of their research mentors.