FUNCTIONAL STATUS, EXERCISE, SES, & RACE AMONG THE AGED

功能下降已被证明与更多的走动有关。 护理访问，住院和疗养院安置，以及 跌倒、发病甚至死亡的风险增加。黑人 而那些社会经济地位低的人（SES）一直被发现是 功能衰退的风险更大 功能状态可以 通过有规律的、适度的强度来维持甚至改善 身体活动和锻炼。 因此，确定与 身体活动和锻炼对 个人和社会。 不幸的是，很少有研究尝试 记录低SES或少数老年人的健康行为。 如果没有这些信息，未来的健康促进工作将 增加身体活动，特别是锻炼， 一般来说，在少数老年人和社会经济地位低的人中， 不能最大限度地发挥作用。 本申请提出了一个纵向调查的关系 身体活动、锻炼和功能状态轨迹之间 穷人和接近穷人的人，白色和黑人老年人。的 拟议的研究有两个总目标。一是调查年龄 队列、种族、性别、收入和教育程度的功能性差异 状态轨迹及其与身体活动的关联， 运动在穷人和接近穷人，白色和黑人老年人。的 第二个目的是调查身体活动的前因 和运动，以及社会人口统计学和心理社会的时间变化， 影响锻炼轨迹的因素（即，控制感， 运动自我效能、运动的利弊、真实的和 （二）实行收养的障碍。 为了充分解决这些问题，将从几个来源收集数据。 将分析一些焦点小组会议和现有数据集 评估现有措施和指南的可靠性和有效性， 调查议定书草案的增补和修订（附录A）。一 按年龄分层的800名55岁及以上贫困或接近贫困的成年人样本 (55至74岁、75岁及以上）、性别（男性和女性）和种族（白色和黑人） 将通过Regenstrief医疗记录系统（RMRS）进行识别， 它是所有病人的计算机化医疗图表媒体 在Wishard纪念医院（WMH）接受治疗， 诊所。 基线电话调查和8、16和24个月随访 将提供有关健康和功能状态，身体状况， 活动，锻炼，锻炼自我效能，锻炼的利弊， 运动的障碍。医疗保健使用、成本和医疗 RMRS的诊断数据将与调查数据相关联。

Functional decline has been shown to be associated with more ambulatory care visits, hospitalizations, and nursing home placements, as well as increased risk of experiencing a fall, morbidity, and even death. Blacks and those low in socioeconomic status (SES) are consistently found to be at considerably greater risk of functional decline. Functional status can be maintained and even improved through regular, moderate intensity physical activity and exercise. Thus, identifying factors associated with physical activity and exercise holds considerable importance for individuals and society. Unfortunately, very few studies have attempted to document the health behaviors of low SES or minority older adults. Without such information, future health promotion efforts aimed at increasing physical activity and exercise in particular, and functional status in general, among minority older adults and those low in SES will not be maximally effective. This application proposes a longitudinal investigation of the relationship between physical activity, exercise, and functional status trajectories among poor and near poor, White and Black older men and women. The proposed study has two general objectives. The first is to investigate age cohort, race, gender, income, and educational differences in functional status trajectories and their association with physical activity and exercise among poor and near-poor, White and Black older adults. The second objective is to investigate the antecedents of physical activity and exercise, and sociodemographic and temporal variations in psychosocial factors that affect exercise trajectories (i.e., sense of control, exercise self-efficacy, the pros and cons of exercise, and real and perceived barriers to exercise adoption). To fully address these questions, data will be drawn from several sources. A number of focus group sessions and existing data sets will be analyzed to assess the reliability and validity of existing measures and guide additions to and revisions of the draft survey protocol (Appendix A). A sample of 800 poor or near poor adults aged 55 and over stratified by age (55 to 74, 75 and over), sex (male and female), and race (White and Black) will be identified through the Regenstrief Medical Records System (RMRS), which is the computerized medical charting medium for all patients receiving care at the Wishard Memorial Hospital (WMH) and its outpatient clinics. A baseline telephone survey and 8, 16, and 24-month follow-ups will provide information on health and functional status, physical activity, exercise, exercise self-efficacy, pros and cons of exercise, and perceived barriers to exercise. Health care use, cost, and medical diagnostic data from the RMRS will be linked to the survey data.