GENETICS AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SANDFLY DISEASE VECTORS

这个项目的目标是继续遗传学的研究。 和白纹伊蚊的生物地理学(双翅目：心蝇科)。 人们对遗传学和定义这种基因的参数知之甚少 这一重要昆虫类群的地理边界，其成员 作为巴尔通氏杆菌病、一些虫媒病毒病和 利什曼病。研究将集中在现场和实验室研究 Lutzmyia long gipalpis和L.shannoni，这两种沙蝇都有 被牵连为利什曼病的媒介，范围非常广 在美洲的分销。生化遗传图谱 为Long gipalpis地理品系建立的，这是一个与Long gipalpis相近的物种 与人类居住相关的，已经确定了独特的 发生在地方性传播高发地区或以下地区的人口 内脏利什曼病出现了独特的临床形式。 这些种群的特征将采取三种形式：(1)样带 在遗传上不同的种群之间将显示出变化的模式 生化特征(突发性或渐进性)，(2)传染性和 脊椎动物寄生虫查氏利什曼原虫的临床研究进展 宿主组织将在遗传/地理定义的 以及(3)地理参数的表征 与遗传特征不同的 媒介种群。珊瑚虫是一种森林物种，是一种神秘的 物种复合体，以及与其他沙子阵列相关的物种 在它的地理范围内飞行。它的基因变异性， 其种组成员与种群之间的关系 将在选定的领域确定协会的特点。收藏， 鉴定、建立生化图谱和载体角色将 让耶鲁大学的科学家和 哥伦比亚波哥大的国家萨鲁德研究所；此外，还有沙蝇 美国和拉丁美洲的专家，特别是巴西的专家， 哥伦比亚、巴拿马和哥斯达黎加将协助收集苍蝇。 和现场数据。

The objective of this project is to continue the study of the genetics and biogeography of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae). Little is known about the genetics and the parameters that define the geographical boundaries of this important insect group, members of which serve as vectors of bartonellosis, a number of arboviral diseases and leishmaniasis. Studies will focus on field and laboratory studies of Lutzomyia longipalpis and L. shannoni, two sand fly species that have been implicated as vectors of leishmaniasis and have a very wide range of distribution in the Americas. Biochemical genetic profiles established for geographic strains of L. longipalpis, a species closely associated with human habitation, have identified distinctive populations that occur in regions of high endemic transmission or where unique clinical forms of visceral leishmaniasis have appeared. Characterization of these populations will take 3 forms: (1) a transect between genetically distinct populations will show the pattern of change in biochemical signature (abrupt or gradual), (2) infectivity and clinical progress by the parasite, Leishmania chagasi, in vertebrate host tissues will be compared among genetically/geographically defined strains of the vector, and (3) characterization of geographic parameters that are associated with the distribution of genetically distinctive vector populations. Lutzomyia shannoni is a forest species, a cryptic species complex, and a species associated with arrays of other sand flies across its geographic range. Its genotypic variability, the relationships among members of its species group, and clines of species associations will be characterized in selected areas. Collection, identification, establishing biochemical profiles and vector roles will involve the cooperative efforts of scientists at Yale University and the Instituto Nacional de Salud at Bogota, Colombia; in addition, sand fly specialists in the U.S. and Latin America, particularly in Brazil, Colombia, Panama and Costa Rica will assist in the collection of flies and field data.