Miguel de Unamuno in exile, 1924-1930.

米格尔·德·乌纳穆诺（Miguel de Unamuno, 1864-1936）是二十世纪早期西班牙著名的作家和知识分子，他成熟的写作生涯中有六年（1924-1930）是在米格尔·普里莫·德·里维拉将军的军事独裁统治下流亡的。离开西班牙时，他已是该国最重要的知识分子之一；当他六年后回国时，他被许多人吹捧为未来西班牙共和国总统的热门人选。在离开西班牙的这些年里，乌纳穆诺写了一些最复杂、最具创新性和挑战性的作品，这些作品受到了一些个人的批评，但仍然需要一个清晰和持续的分析。这个提议的核心论点是，这些作品只有作为Unamuno生活中特定时刻的产物和特定经历，即流亡本身的产物来考虑和分析，才能完全理解。因此，这个项目提供了对Unamuno生命中这一关键而独立的时期的第一本书长度的研究，它将从几个不同但互补的角度来研究这一时期。首先，它将建立乌纳穆诺流亡的原因，这项任务将包括对乌纳穆诺作为一个政治上忠诚的知识分子的终身事业进行仔细而集中的分析，并澄清为什么这个事业导致他与独裁者发生冲突。其次，它将关注乌纳穆诺流亡的传记，重点关注流亡经历对乌纳穆诺本人和作家的影响。第三，它将澄清这一经历如何影响乌纳穆诺在富埃特文图拉、巴黎和亨代耶逗留期间的政治立场和战略。第四，它将详细地关注乌纳穆诺在流亡期间所遭受的危机，这使他质疑甚至废除了他在过去四十年中所形成的非常聪明的世界观和计划。最后，它将澄清乌纳穆诺当时对西班牙公共事务的影响的确切性质和程度。因此，该项目将提供对各种不同文本的仔细阅读：揭示乌纳穆诺当时不断演变的政治立场的新闻和秘密文章；揭示他流亡经历的自传体和文学散文；揭示他的流亡危机的性质、发展及其意义的哲学著作；戏剧和诗歌继续思考这场危机的含义。正如上面的总结所暗示的那样，只有在流亡和乌纳穆诺的流亡经历的语境中，才能最终充分理解这些复杂的作品。更重要的是，如果阅读得当，这些表达乌纳穆诺流亡危机的作品还可以揭示他一生的智力和政治计划的本质和含义。因此，本书将从流亡本身的角度对这一项目进行批判性解读。最后，它还将探讨这个特殊的案例研究可以揭示的一般流亡经历是什么，为那些对后来更大规模的流亡经历感兴趣的学者提供见解和想法，即内战后佛朗哥将军统治下的西班牙难民。

Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936), Spain's leading early twentieth-century writer and intellectual, spent six years of his mature writing life (1924-1930) in exile from the military Dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera. He left Spain as one of the country's leading intellectuals; when he returned six years later, he was being touted by many as a popular choice for the presidency of a future Spanish republic. During his years outside Spain, Unamuno wrote some of his most complex, innovative and challenging works, works that have received some individual critical attention but that are still in need of a clear and sustained analysis. It is the central contention of this proposal that these works can only be fully understood if considered and analysed as the products of a specific moment in Unamuno's life and of a specific experience, that of exile itself.This project offers, therefore, the first book-length study of this crucial and self-contained period in Unamuno's life, and it will approach this period from several distinct but complementary angles. First, it will establish the reasons for Unamuno's exile, a task that will involve a careful and focused analysis of Unamuno's lifelong project as a politically-committed intellectual and a clarification of exactly why that project led him into conflict with the Dictator. Secondly, it will look at the biography of Unamuno's exile, focusing above all on the effects that the exile experience had on Unamuno the man and the writer. Thirdly, it will clarify the way in which that experience affected Unamuno's political position and strategies during his stay in Fuerteventura, Paris and Hendaye. Fourthly, it will focus in detail on the crisis that Unamuno suffered during exile and that caused him to question and even dismantle the very intellectual worldview and project that he had assembled over the previous forty years. Finally, it will clarify the exact nature and extent of Unamuno's influence over Spanish public affairs at this time. The project will therefore provide close readings of a variety of different texts: press and clandestine articles that shed light on Unamuno's evolving political position of the time; autobiographical and literary essays that reveal his experience of exile itself; philosophical works that show the nature, development and implications of his exile crisis; drama and poetry that continue to think through the implications of that crisis.As the above summary implies, it is in the context of exile and Unamuno's experience of exile that these complex works can finally be fully understood. More than that, if properly read, the works that give expression to Unamuno's exile crisis can also shed light on the nature and implications of his lifelong intellectual and political project. This book will therefore offer a critical reading of that project from the perspective of exile itself. Finally, it will also explore what it is that this particular case study can reveal about the experience of exile in general, providing insights and ideas that will be of use to those scholars who are interested in a later and more massive experience of exile, that of the post-Civil War refugees from General Franco's Spain.