The Old French William of Tyre and its Continuations

这个为期三年的项目将产生中世纪叙事的第一个现代批判版本，称为提尔的威廉的延续和埃尔努尔和司库伯纳德的编年史。该项目小组由PI、一名全职博士后研究员和一名项目学生组成，他们将调查《提尔的威廉》的古法语翻译，该小组将设在卡迪夫大学，并将利用卡迪夫历史和考古学院的现有资源和专门知识。（1175-1185）写了一部历史的十字军东征和法兰克国家在东部涵盖期间从第一次十字军东征（1095-99）至1184年。在13世纪早期的某个时候，它被从原来的拉丁文翻译成法语，并在同一个世纪的不同时间点，各种法语补充（续）被追加，以使故事更新。匿名的文本，从其19世纪的标题称为Chronique d 'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier，是一个独立的工作，在法国涵盖期间从第一次十字军东征到1229年，或在一些手稿，到1232年;为1184年至1232年期间，这个文本的一个版本形成了组成的基础上继续。《续》和《埃尔-伯纳德》的重要性是相当大的。它们共同构成了从1184年到1277年（在一份手稿中）在十字军统治的黎凡特地区发生的事件的最完整的叙述，它们是拉丁东部描述这些年的最重要的历史著作。这些文本的趣味部分在于它们所包含的历史信息，但也在于它们能够反映作者和原始读者的政治和文化关注。这一时期的所有历史学家都使用19世纪的版本，人们普遍认为，一个现代的，学术的版本是一个主要的迫切需要。51手稿的法文翻译的提尔的威廉可追溯到1500年之前，其中45个包含延续，和8手稿的埃尔-伯纳德生存，但早期的编辑只利用了其中的几个，选择，所以它似乎，主要是随机的。编辑们对词干知之甚少，也不了解这些文本是如何发展的。大量的手稿本身就表明了这些文本在中世纪的重要性，但迄今为止，它们的庞大数量阻止了学者们进行这些规模的项目。这些是实质性的文本：Ernoul-Bernard大约有85，000个单词; WT的法语翻译（到1184年）大约有290，000个单词，而Continuations的长度变化很大，最长的达约100，000个单词。十二万字。计划中的版本与博士对翻译文本的研究（一个密切相关但谨慎的主题）一起，将形成PI对拉丁东部产生的法国本土文学研究的自然延伸;近年来，这包括对WT的拉丁历史的法语翻译的初步调查，以及13世纪作家伊贝林的约翰和诺瓦拉的菲利普撰写的法律的论文的评论版。这一新版本将被十字军东征的历史学家，中世纪心理和社会的历史学家，以及古法国白话文学的专家使用。它也将感兴趣的专家在古法语语言学和语言学。

This three-year project will produce the first modern critical edition of the medieval narratives known as the Continuations of William of Tyre and the Chronicle of Ernoul and Bernard the Treasurer. The project team, consisting of the PI, a full-time postdoctoral researcher and a project student, who will investigate the Old French translation of William of Tyre, will be based at Cardiff University, and will draw on existing resources and expertise in the Cardiff School of History and Archaeology.Archbishop William of Tyre (1175-1185) wrote a history of the crusades and the Frankish states in the East covering the period from the First Crusade (1095-99) to 1184. At some point in the early thirteenth century it was translated from the original Latin into French, and at various points later in that same century various French-language additions (the Continuations) were appended so as to bring the story up to date. The anonymous text, known from its nineteenth-century title as the Chronique d'Ernoul et de Bernard le Trésorier, is an independent work in French covering the period from the First Crusade to 1229 or, in some manuscripts, to 1232; for the period 1184-1232 a version of this text formed the basis for the composition of the Continuations. The importance of the Continuations and Ernoul-Bernard is considerable. Together they constitute the fullest narrative for the events from 1184 until (in the case of one manuscript) 1277 in the territories in the Levant ruled by the crusaders, and they are the most significant historical works composed in the Latin East to describe these years. The interest of these texts lies partly in the historical information they contain, but also in their capacity to mirror the political and cultural preoccupations of the authors and the original audience. All historians of this period use the nineteenth-century editions these texts, and there is widespread agreement that a modern, scholarly edition is a major desideratum. Fifty-one manuscripts of the French translation of William of Tyre dating from before 1500, forty-five of which contain Continuations, and eight manuscripts of Ernoul-Bernard survive, but the earlier editors utilized only a few of them, selected, so it would seem, largely at random. The editors had little idea of the stemma and no appreciation of how the texts developed.The large number of manuscripts are in themselves a pointer to the importance of these texts in the middle ages, but their sheer bulk has hitherto deterred scholars from undertaking a project of these dimensions. These are substantial texts: Ernoul-Bernard is around 85,000 words long; the French translation of WT (to 1184) is somewhere in the region of 290,000 words, whilst the Continuations vary considerably in length with the longest amounting to ca. 120,000 words. The projected edition together with the PhD research on the text of the translation, a closely related but discreet topic, will form a natural extension of the PI's research into the French vernacular literature produced in the Latin East; in recent years this has included a preliminary investigation of the French translation of WT's Latin history, and the preparation of critical editions of the legal treatises by the thirteenth-century writers, John of Ibelin and Philip of Novara. This new edition will be used by historians of the crusades, by historians of medieval mentalités and societies, and by specialists in Old French vernacular literature. It will also be of interest to specialists in Old French linguistics and philology.