MODELLING CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSES IN THE COMPUTER

描述：(改编自申请者的摘要)令人印象深刻的进展 计算机技术为机械系统的仿真开辟了道路 复杂的生物系统。在免疫学方面，这已被证明是有帮助的，因为它 可以促进产生和测试新假设的两个关键阶段。 与基于微分方程式的“传统”模型不同， 申请人通过以下方式再现了体液反应的动态 元胞自动机，其中离散的实体合作和发展 根据基本的当地规定。 这一模式成功地解决了当前几个“热点”问题 免疫学家之间的争论表明，现在是时候 探索复杂而具有挑战性的细胞免疫。 这项提议的主题是免疫反应的计算机模拟 病毒感染和外来细胞。这需要广泛的 升级我们的IMMSIM代码，包括引入感染 抗原、靶细胞、树突状细胞、CD8 T细胞受体和I类 MHC。身体由一个被细分为 所有交互都以离散时间步长进行的站点。 相互作用是细胞之间可能发生的事件，通过 它们的受体，基于二进制位串之间的互补性。 这些相互作用可能导致破坏、呈现、刺激或 宽容。就像在活的有机体中一样，病毒特异性的TC前体将 通过遇到带有I类病毒的受感染的目标细胞而变得无能，但会 在与吸引了Th细胞的DC结合后成熟为连环杀手， 其淋巴因子将同时作用于TC和DC。 每个事件的结果在很大程度上取决于许多参数 未知的生物重量。他们的效果将通过实验进行测试 连续运行相同的响应，一次更改一个参数，以及 将结果与确定的免疫学行为进行比较。这将是 使我们能够确定病毒/响应进度的关键节点，并 然后使用该模型来挑战进一步的基本方面，例如 病毒突变，淋巴细胞感染，最终， 细胞反应和体液反应之间的合作/竞争相互作用 对抗同一个入侵者。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from the applicant's abstract) Impressive advances in computer technology have opened the way to the simulation in machina of complex biological systems. In immunology, this has proven helpful as it can foster both critical phases of generating and testing novel hypotheses. At variance with "conventional" models based upon differential equations, the applicant has reproduced the dynamics of the humoral response by means of cellular automata, where discrete entities cooperate and develop according to elementary local rules. The success of this model in tackling several "hot" aspects currently debated among immunologists signals that the time is ripe for the exploration of the complex and challenging cell-mediated immunity. The subject of this proposal is a computer simulation of the immune response to viral infection and to foreign cells. This requires an extensive upgrading of our IMMSIM code, including the introduction of infective antigens, target cells, dendritic cells, CD8 T cell receptors and class I MHCs. The body is represented by a bi-dimensional space subdivided into sites where all interactions take place in discrete time steps. Interactions are probablistic occurrences between cells that take place via their receptors, on the basis of complementarity between binary bit strings. These interactions may lead to destruction, presentation, stimulation or tolerance. As in the living organism, a virus-specific Tc precursor will become anergic by meeting a Class I-bearing infected target cell but will mature to a serial killer upon binding to a DC that has attracted a Th cell, whose lymphokines will act on both Tc and DC. The outcome of each event depends on a number of parameters of largely unknown biological weight. Their effects will be tested experimentally by running the same response serially, varying one parameter at a time, and comparing the results to ascertained immunological behaviors. This will allow us to identify the critical nodes of the virus/response progress and then to use the model to challenge further fundamental aspects, such as viral mutation, lymphoid cell infection, and, ultimately, the cooperative/competitive interplay between the cellular and humoral response against the same invader.