CALLOUS/UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS AND CONDUCT PROBLEMS

在该方案中，开发了一个理论模型，该模型考虑了 冷酷无情(CU)特质在发育和发育中的作用 持续存在的行为问题。在这一理论中，CU的特征是 与一种特定的气质风格有关：行为低落 抑制力。一旦CU的特征发展起来，它就会让孩子处于兴奋状态 形成严重和长期的反社会模式的风险 行为。在这一理论中，还有其他途径涉及其他 病因(例如，家庭功能障碍、智力低下、 经济劣势，敌意归因偏见，这可能会导致 没有CU特征的儿童的行为问题。然而，为了 了解这些病因在疾病发展中的作用 反社会行为，他们与CU特征的互动必须是 考虑过了。例如，在一项初步研究中，不适应的父母教养方式 被发现与行为问题的发展有关 只有在没有CU特征的情况下。同样在这个理论中，CU的特征 用来解释发育过程中的一些变异 行为问题行为的轨迹。有CU特征的儿童 据预测，有相当数量的男孩患有 早期出现行为问题，表现出特别严重和 反社会行为的持续模式。该模型还尝试 为了解释这些发展轨迹中的性别差异， 在童年时期表现出CU特征的女孩有可能患上 在青春期表现出明显的反社会行为。几个可测试的 根据此概念模型得出的预测是 建议的研究将分三个阶段进行。这个 第一阶段将涉及大量学龄儿童的社区样本 两个年级的儿童，三年级和四年级(n=800)和六年级 和7(n=800)。这些孩子将接受一定程度的CU筛查 特征和行为问题的衡量标准。来自这个社区 样本，将招募较小的儿童样本(n=160)来 在2X2析因设计中填入高分与低分 衡量CU的特征和高分与低分的衡量标准 构成这两个因素的行为问题。此精选样本 儿童将是未来两个阶段的主题池 项目，包括初步的深入评估，然后 在接下来的三年中每年进行后续评估。

In this proposal, a theoretical model is developed which considers the role of Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits in the development and persistence of conduct problems. In this theory, CU traits are related to a specific temperamental style: low behavioral inhibition. Once CU traits develop, it places the child at high risk for developing a severe and chronic pattern of antisocial behavior. In this theory there are other pathways involving other etiological factors (e.g., family dysfunction, low intelligence, economic disadvantage, hostile attributional bias, that can lead to conduct problems in children without CU traits. However, to understand the role of these etiological factors in the development of antisocial behavior, their interaction with CU traits must be considered. For example, in a pilot study, maladaptive parenting was found to be associated with the development of conduct problems only in the absence of CU traits. Also in this theory, CU traits are used to explain some of the variations in the developmental trajectories of conduct problem behavior. Children with CU traits are predicted to account for a significant number of boys with an early onset of conduct problems who show an especially severe and persistent pattern of antisocial behavior. The model also attempts to explain gender differences in these developmental trajectories, with girls who show CU traits in childhood being at risk for showing overt antisocial in adolescence. Several testable predictions that follow from this conceptual model are the focus of the proposed study which will be conducted in three phases. The first phase will involve a large community sample of school-aged children in two grade cohorts, grades 3 and 4 (n=800) and grades 6 and 7 (n=800). These children will be screened on a measure of CU traits and on a measure of conduct problems. From this community sample, a smaller sample of children (n= 160) will be recruited to fill a 2 X 2 factorial design with high versus low scores on a measure of the CU traits and high versus low scores on a measure of conduct problems forming the two factors. This select sample of children will be the subject pool for the next two phases of the project which involves an initial in depth assessment followed by yearly follow-up assessments over the ensuing three years.