CCD X-RAY FLUOROSCOPY USING BINARY OPTICAL TECHNIQUE

我们建议发展一种光耦合CCD X射线系统 使用新颖的光学多路复用成像技术。 一群 使用二元光学透镜代替图像增强器， 将来自荧光屏的潜像耦合到CCD上。 低读出率CCD成像器可有效地用于 不增加探测器噪声的荧光透视成像。 这 技术克服了传统成像的缺点 增强透视，包括：像差、噪声、对比度 退化，以及有限的动态范围和空间分辨率 射线照相图像。 我们的初步研究表明， 建议的系统，以每秒16帧的速度运行，是X射线 量子噪声有限。 与像增强器相比， 传统的荧光透视，它提供了改进的空间分辨率（高达 至14 lp/mm）、更好的对比敏感度和更宽的动态范围 范围（12-14位）。 我们计划建立一个 实验室样机和测量调制传递函数， 信噪比、探测量子效率与损伤 可检测性，作为帧速率的函数。 我们会进行 对比详细分析、针吸活检和观察者研究， 将所提出的系统与图像增强器荧光检查进行比较， 系统和立体定向CCD成像系统。 拟议 该技术适用于放射介入手术 需要实时成像。 它非常适合低Kvp 图像引导的乳腺介入手术，例如：（1） 术前病变定位;（2）图像引导下穿刺活检; (3)乳腺导管造影术;（4）实时成像以评价植入物 信封;和潜在的，（5）实时图像引导的本地 间质治疗，如病变消融。 在较高的Kvp下， 适用于某些介入手术，例如：（1） 肺部病变的透视评估和引导活检;（2） 胃肠道荧光检查程序 经皮逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP） 经肝胆管胆管造影（PTHC）和胆道引流 （3）肌肉骨骼介入手术，如 小关节麻醉阻滞、骨活检和椎体成形术;以及 (4)需要高分辨率的神经介入过程， 实时荧光透视成像，如脑动脉瘤 闭塞

We propose to develop an optically-coupled CCD x-ray system using a novel, optical multiplexing imaging technique. A group of binary optical lenses is used instead of an image intensifier to couple the latent image from a scintillating screen to the CCD. Low readout-rate CCD imagers can be effectively used for fluoroscopic imaging without increasing detector noise. This technology overcomes disadvantages of conventional image intensifier fluoroscopy, including: aberrations, noise, contrast degradation, and restricted dynamic range and spatial resolution of radiographic images. Our preliminary studies indicate that the proposed system, operating at 16 frames per second, is x-ray quantum noise limited. Compared with an image intensifier and conventional fluoroscopy, it offers improved spatial resolution (up to 14 lp/mm), better contrast sensitivity, and a wider dynamic range (12-14 bit) for the same radiation dose. We plan to build a laboratory prototype and measure modulation transfer function, signal-to-noise ratio, detective quantum efficiency and lesion detectability, as a function of frame rate. We will conduct contrast-detail analysis, needle biopsy, and observer studies, comparing the proposed system to image intensifier fluoroscopic systems and stereotactic CCD imaging systems. The proposed technology is applicable to radiologic interventional procedures requiring real-time imaging. It is ideally suited for low Kvp image-guided breast interventional procedures such as: (1) preoperative lesion localization; (2) image-guided needle biopsy; (3) galactography; (4) real-time imaging to evaluate implant envelopes; and potentially, (5) real-time image-guided local interstitial therapy, such as lesion ablation. At higher Kvp it is applicable to certain interventional procedures such as; (1) fluoroscopic evaluation and guide biopsy of pulmonary lesions; (2) gastrointestinal fluoroscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTHC), and biliary drainage procedures; (3) musculoskeletal interventional procedures such as facet joint anesthetic blocks, bone biopsy, and vertebroplasty; and (4) neurologic interventional procedures requiring high resolution, real-time fluoroscopic imaging such as cerebral aneurysm occlusion.