POSTATTENTIVE VISION

描述（申请人的摘要）： 小说场景可以用两阶段模型来描述， 视觉刺激的专注表现。 第一，前注意过程 开始分析所有位置的基本特征信息。 先前的研究 表明这涉及到并行处理大约12个基本的 特征（颜色、尺寸等）。其他任务，如阅读的物体识别 只能在关注特定对象的情况下进行。 中央 这个提议的问题是： 注意力转移后的物体 一个观察者看着一个水果盘。 预先注意，刺激被表示为颜色的集合， 通过注意力，观察者识别香蕉或葡萄。 接下来，当观察同一个场景时，观察者会注意到其他地方。 是什么 水果的后注意视觉表征的本质？ 做 注意力的影响持续存在，还是视觉表征恢复到其 预注意状态？ 虽然注意力后视觉的研究很少， 它是理解感知的核心，因为在持续的 观看一个场景，大多数视觉体验必须是事后注意的。 后注意视觉可以用几种实验方法来研究： 是重复搜索范例，其中搜索单个搜索显示 多次 例如，字母“D，K，V和U”可能会出现在 屏幕 如果出现以下情况，将出现一个探测字母，观察者将回答“是” 它是D、K、V或U，如果不是，则为“否”。 在反复的搜索中， 观察者多次搜索单个显示器以寻找不同的目标。 试验性实验发现，响应时间几乎没有变化， 反复搜索。 这是一个惊人的结果，因为它表明， 注意力的重复部署不会改变视觉表现， 任何有助于后续搜索的方法 在第二，曲线跟踪 范例中，学生必须判断两个点是否位于同一条曲线上。 此任务中的反应时间取决于曲线沿着的距离 在点之间。 在重复搜索中，重复曲线跟踪相同的 曲线并不能提高性能。 这些和其他结果可以是 在“无意健忘症”假设的背景下理解， 认为视觉表征没有记忆。 所见即所见 现在时态 提出了四条线的实验来测试 疏忽健忘症假说，并扩大经验基础， 后注意视觉的研究。 这些是对1）基本性质的研究 重复搜索，2）重复曲线跟踪的基本性质，3） 注意后视觉和记忆的关系，以及4）持续的 注意力的影响。

DESCRIPTION (Applicant's Abstract): The first steps in the perception of a novel scene can be described by a two-stage model with preattentive and attentive representations of visual stimuli. First, preattentive processes begin to analyze basic feature information at all locations. Prior research suggests that this involves the parallel processing of about a dozen basic features (color, size, etc.). Other tasks like object recognition of reading can be performed only with attention to the specific objects. The central question of this proposal is: What happens to the visual representation of an object after attention moves away? An observer looks at a fruit bowl. Preattentively, the stimulus is represented as a collection of colors, shapes, etc. With attention, the observer identifies bananas or grapes. Next, while viewing the same scene, the observer attends elsewhere. What is the nature of the post-attentive visual representation of the fruit? Do the effects of attention persist or does the visual representation revert to its preattentive state? Though post-attentive vision has received little study, it is central to an understanding of perception because, during sustained viewing of a scene, most visual experience must be post attentive. Post-attentive vision can be studied with several experimental methods: One is the repeated search paradigm in which a single search display is searched several times. For example, the letters "D, K, V & U" might appear on the screen. A probe letter would appear and the observer would respond "yes" if it were D, K, V or U or "no" if it were not. In repeated search, an observer searches a single display several times for different targets. Pilot experiments find little or no change in response time as a function of repeated search. This is a striking result because it suggests that repeated deployments of attention do not alter the visual representation in any way that can aid subsequent search. In a second, curve tracing paradigm, Ss must determine if two dots lie on the same of different curves. Reaction time in this task is dependent on the distance along the curve between the dots. As in repeated search, repeated curve tracing of the same curves does not improve performance. These and other results can be understood in the context of an "inattentional amnesia" hypothesis that holds that the visual representation has no memory. What is seen is seen in the present tense. Four lines of experiments are proposed to test the inattentional amnesia hypothesis and to expand the empirical basis for the study of post-attentive vision. These are studies of 1) basic properties of repeated search, 2) basic properties of repeated curve tracing, 3) the relationship of post-attentive vision and memory, and 4) the persistent effects of attention.