1999 CONFERENCE ON IMPLANTABLE AUDITORY PROSTHESES

人工耳蜗是第一个获得广泛临床应用所必需的技术成功的神经假体。它提供了唯一有效的治疗方法来恢复听觉的严重失聪。在过去的15年里，使用这些设备的患者的表现已经取得了巨大的进步（例如，成人在没有语音阅读的情况下的平均句子识别分数为70-80%）。这些进步在很大程度上源于广泛科学学科的研究人员的集体努力。这种密切的合作在很大程度上是通过一系列两年一次的研究会议来促进的，这些会议始于1983年戈登植入式听觉假体研究会议。这些会议是唯一的论坛，其中植入研究问题的唯一焦点。1997年会议的主题是了解植入者语音识别分数差异很大的原因。虽然在那次会议上使用了许多不同的方法来解决这些因素，但变异性的问题，这种变异性的潜在原因，以及对具有广泛不同病理的患者的适当治疗仍然是研究和讨论的重要主题。1999年会议的重点将放在我们认为是上届会议讨论的重要后续行动的两个一般领域。第一个领域是更好地理解生理和心理物理测量之间的关系。虽然生理评估提供了听觉外围最直接的测量，但将这些测量放在行为表现的背景下是必不可少的。心理物理测量及其与语音感知和语音处理的关系也将被解决。了解神经兴奋机制和相应感知之间的联系，对于应用生理学知识来开发更好的语音处理策略至关重要。第二个领域是电刺激的长期影响。本课题将透过解剖学和生理学的研究，以及关于人工耳蜗使用的发育方面的报告来探讨。在这些主题中，我们将试图进一步解决个体差异的重要问题，更好地理解个体差异的基础，并制定处理个体差异的策略。本申请为本次会议寻求部分支持。

The cochlear implant is the first neural prosthesis to achieve the technical success necessary for widespread clinical application. It provides the only effective therapy for restoring sound sensation to the profoundly deaf. Over the past fifteen years dramatic advances in patients/ performance with these devices have been achieved (e.g., adults' average sentence recognition scores of 70-80% without speech reading). These advances have derived substantially from the collective efforts of researchers in a broad array of scientific disciplines. This close collaboration and cooperation has been fostered in large part through a series of biennial research conferences, originating with the 1983 Gordon Research Conference on Implantable Auditory Prosthesis. These conferences are the only forum in which implant research issues the sole focus. The theme of the 1997 conference was to understand factors underlying the wide variation of implantees' speech recognition scores. While those factors were addressed using a number of different approaches during that meeting, the issue of variability, the underlying reasons for that variability, and the appropriate treatment for patients with widely varying pathology are still important subjects for research and discussion. The focus of the 1999 conference will be in two general areas that we view as important follow-up to the last conference's discussions. The first area is a better understanding of the relationship between physiological and psychophysical measures. While physiological assessments provide the most direct measure of the auditory periphery, it is essential to place those measures in a context of behavioral performance. Psychophysical measures and their relationship to speech perception and speech processing will also be addressed. Understanding the link between mechanisms of neural excitation and the corresponding perception is essential to apply the knowledge gained from physiology to development of better speech processing strategies. The second area is the long-term effects of electrical stimulation. This topic will be approached through anatomical and physiological studies in addition to reports on developmental aspects in the use of cochlear implants. In each of these topics we will attempt to address further the important issues of individual differences, developing a better understanding of the basis of individual differences as well as the development of strategies for dealing with individual differences. This application seeks partial support for this conference.