Law, Regulation and Human Enhancement Technologies

拟议的研究涉及建立一个由法律学者、法律从业人员和科学家组成的国际网络，以调查应该如何管理新兴人类增强技术的生产和使用。未来十年，欧洲司法管辖区将面临新的法律和监管挑战。人们越来越多地生产和使用可广泛归类为“人类增强技术”的技术，这给欧洲现有的法律框架带来了挑战。这些新技术的例子包括改善认知的药理物质，胚胎发育中的化学增强，以及增加体力的激素技术。这些技术和类似技术不容易被欧洲国家的现行法律和欧盟范围的监管文书所适应。这些技术的使用在许多法律背景下都有影响，特别是对飞行员和医生等专业人员使用的管制。这些技术(在理论上)将使律师在人权和政治责任问题上重新参与和挑战律师，并且(在实践层面上)需要对药品和其他这类技术采取新的或经修订的办法。考虑到潜在的跨境影响(例如飞行员、司机)，迫切需要跨司法管辖区进行协作。虽然本提案中设想的网络将主要由欧洲学者组成，但也将包括来自美国和澳大利亚的代表。调查人员还希望，这将为该网络在本提案中计划的18个月期限之后的进一步国际扩展铺平道路。除学术界外，通过拟议的研究网络进行的研究的潜在受益者将主要是公共和私营部门的决策者和专业人员。预计还会有更多的行业和公众受益。考虑到这些受益者，拟议研究的预期产出主要是：1)为观众量身定制的研讨会成果报告，概述：a.新的增强技术提出的潜在问题；b.每个司法管辖区和整个欧盟关于增强技术的当前法律地位；c.监管的可能性(特别是与专业人员使用技术有关的可能性)。这些报告将针对特定的政府部门和监管机构，侧重于它们负责的主要类型的技术和社会群体。它们还将量身定做，以评论各部门和机构在研究早期阶段发出的邀请参与的信件中提出的任何特定问题。已确定的专业人员组的报告将针对其特定的专业而量身定做，一般是指从该专业人员组成员那里收集的意见信息。2)编辑了网络参与者的论文集，对上述观点进行了扩展，并探讨了向法律提出的概念性问题。预计其中一些论文将通过网络促成的链接和讨论而共同编写。3)将通过定期联系和持续合作(可能通过网站宣传)保持法律学者和从业人员的持久网络。

The proposed research involves establishing an international network of legal scholars, legal practitioners, and scientists to investigate how the production and use of emerging human enhancement technologies should be managed. Over the next decade, European jurisdictions will face new legal and regulatory challenges. The increasing production and use of what can broadly be categorised as 'human enhancement technologies' is creating challenges for the existing legal frameworks in Europe. Examples of these new technologies include pharmacological substances that improve cognition, chemical enhancement in embryo development and hormonal techniques for increasing physical strength. These and similar technologies are not easily accommodated by current laws within European countries and EU-wide regulatory instruments. The use of these technologies has implications in many legal contexts, particularly the regulation of use by professionals such as pilots and medical practitioners. These technologies will (at a theoretical level) re-engage and challenge lawyers in questions of human rights and political responsibility, as well as (at a practical level) necessitate new or amended approaches to the regulation of pharmaceuticals and other such technologies. Given the potential cross-border impacts (e.g. pilots, drivers), there is a strong need for collaboration across jurisdictions. Whilst the network envisaged in this proposal will be composed principally of European scholars, representatives from the United States and Australia will also be included. The Investigators also hope that this will pave the way for further international expansion of the network beyond the 18-month period planned for in this proposal. In addition to the academic community, the potential beneficiaries of the research conducted through the proposed Research Network will primarily be policy-makers and professionals within the public and private sectors. Further beneficiaries within industry and the general public are envisaged. With these beneficiaries in mind, the anticipated outputs of the proposed research are principally: 1) Audience-tailored reports on the outcomes of the workshop outlining: a. The potential problems raised by new enhancement technologies b. The current legal position relating to enhancement technologies in each jurisdiction and across the EU c. Possibilities for regulation (in particular, for example, in relation to the use of technologies by professionals)The reports will be tailored to particular governmental departments and regulatory bodies, focusing on the main types of technology and groups in society for which they are responsible. They will also be tailored to comment on any particular issues raised by the departments and bodies in response to correspondence from us inviting engagement, sent in the early stages of the research. The reports for the identified groups of professionals will be tailored to their particular professions and refer in general, anonymous terms to the opinion information gathered from members of that professional group. 2) An edited collection of papers from network participants, expanding on the points above and also exploring the conceptual questions posed for the law. It is envisaged that some of these papers will be produced collaboratively, as a result of links and discussions prompted by the network.3) An enduring network of legal scholars and practitioners which will be maintained via regular contact and on-going collaboration (potentially promoted via a website).