The Digital Panopticon: The Global Impact of London Punishments, 1780-1925

这个雄心勃勃的大型项目由一个由知名研究人员组成的国际团队领导，开发了新的、可转移的方法，用于理解和利用复杂的家谱、生物特征和刑事司法数据，从而向有时持怀疑态度的学者和公众展示了数字创新的好处。通过数据制图和生命历程分析，该项目将调查刑罚学和社会政策的一个核心问题：不同类型的惩罚对制止犯罪、健康结果、就业机会和长期家庭生活的相对影响。它使用复杂的数据链接方法，将现有的和广泛使用的大型数据集(Old Bailey Online[包含伦敦中央刑事法院所有审判的记录]；London Lives[可搜索的犯罪、贫困和社会政策档案]；以及“创始人和幸存者”（记录了73000名被送往塔斯马尼亚岛的男人、女人和孩子），这些新数字化的数据使人们有可能绘制出从第一舰队出发前往澳大利亚（1787年）到20世纪20年代初最后一个被送往澳大利亚的伦敦人死亡期间，所有在老巴里被定罪的伦敦人的命运。关押在伦敦迅速发展的监狱产业中的囚犯将在最新的数字化监狱记录和民事数据集（如1841年至1911年进行的人口普查）中被识别和跟踪。被判流放的罪犯将通过澳大利亚极其详细的罪犯记录，以及伦敦监狱的登记和出生、婚姻和死亡记录进行追踪。我们将通过大量的数字记录追踪犯罪的伦敦穷人，重建一个能够在集体和个人层面绘制和分析他们生活的泛全球棱镜。除了主要期刊上的出版物外，主要产出将是一个数据库和策划网站。首先，我们将发布一个博客和一个项目网站（将解释我们的方法和进展，介绍关于伦理、方法和认识论的辩论，并提供初步发现，以便我们能够与尽可能广泛的受众接触）。“伦敦眼”网站还将提供一个综合搜索引擎，用于搜索包含66000名经历过不同刑罚制度的伦敦人的生命历程数据的联合数据集，我们希望这些数据能被英国和澳大利亚1200万家庭历史学家中的许多人定期参考。此外，我们将与媒体和行业合作伙伴合作，创建在线数字学习资源，将项目成果传播给家族历史学家、学校和创意产业。这个项目在一个巨大的、前所未有的规模上重建了家庭形成、坚持和再犯罪的故事。在构建这个伦敦刑事司法的数字全景监狱的过程中，这个跨学科的跨国项目将解决一些重要的问题，这些问题长期以来一直引起历史学家、社会学家、社会地理学家、语言学家、经济学家和犯罪学家的兴趣，他们迄今为止缺乏开展这项研究的工具。

Led by an international team of established researchers, this ambitious large-scale project develops new and transferable methodologies for understanding and exploiting complex bodies of genealogical, biometric, and criminal justice data, thereby demonstrating the benefits of digital innovation to sometimes skeptical scholars and public audiences. Through data mapping and life-course analysis this project will investigate a central issue of penology and social policy: the relative impacts of different types of punishment on criminal desistance, health outcomes, employment opportunities, and family life over the long term. Using sophisticated data-linking methodologies it joins together existing and widely used large data-sets (Old Bailey Online [containing accounts of all trials held at London's Central Criminal Court]; London Lives [a searchable archive of crime, poverty and social policy]; and Founders and Survivors [records of the 73,000 men women and children who were transported to Tasmania]) with newly digitised data to make it possible to chart the fortunes of all Londoners convicted at the Old Bailey between the departure of the First Fleet to Australia (1787) through to the death of the last transported Londoner in Australia in the early 1920s. Prisoners kept in London's burgeoning prison estate will be identified and followed in newly available digitized prison records, as well as civil datasets (such as the censuses carried out between 1841 and 1911). Convicts sentenced to transportation will be traced through the richly detailed convict records in Australia, as well as in London prison registers and birth, marriage and death records. We will trace the criminal London poor through a plethora of digital records, recreating a pan-global prism capable of mapping and analyzing their lives at both the collective and individual level. The main output will be a database and curated-website, in addition to publications in leading journals. At the outset we will publish a blog, and a project website (which will explain our methodology and progress, introduce debates on ethics, methodology, and epistemology, and provide preliminary findings, so that we can engage with the widest possible audience). The 'London Eye' website will also provide an integrated search engine for searching the conjoined datasets containing life course data for 66,000 Londoners who experienced differing penal regimes, which we expect to be regularly consulted by many of the 12 million family historians in the UK and Australia. In addition, in partnership with media and industry partners, we will create online digital learning resources that will disseminate project findings to family historians, schools, and the creative industries. This project reconstructs the story of family formation, desistence and reoffending on a vast and unprecedented scale. In constructing this digital Panopticon of London criminal justice, this interdisciplinary trans-national project will resolve a number of important questions which have long intrigued historians, sociologists, social geographers, linguistic researchers, economists and criminologists, who have hitherto lacked the tools to carry out this research.