PROTHEGO: PROTection of European Cultural HEritage from GeO - hazards

物质文化遗产包括各种类型的古迹和遗址，从文化景观和圣地到考古建筑群、个别建筑或艺术古迹和历史城市中心。这些地方不断受到几种内部和外部因素的影响和风化，既有自然的，也有人为的，起效迅速和/或缓慢，包括地震或极端气象事件等自然灾害、累积过程以及人类的影响，特别是在冲突局势中。特别是，根据《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》第11条的规定，濒危世界遗产名录主要集中在受到武装冲突威胁的地点(例如科索沃的中世纪纪念碑)，或受到不受控制的开发的地点(例如利物浦海上商品城和最近从联合国教科文组织世界遗产名单中除名的德累斯顿易北河流域)。自1992年以来，基于雷达干涉测量(InSAR)的新空间技术现在能够以毫米精度监测被称为持续散射体的反射目标的表面变形，这些目标始终向雷达卫星返回稳定的信号。意大利环境保护与研究所发布，PROTHEGO项目将与NERC英国地质调查局、西班牙地质与采矿研究所、米兰-比科卡大学和塞浦路斯理工大学合作，为欧洲文化遗产区的地质灾害分析做出创新性贡献。该项目将应用新的InSAR技术来监测由于滑坡、天坑、定居点、沉降、活动构造以及构造变形而可能不稳定的古迹和遗址，所有这些都可能受到气候变化和人类相互作用的影响。为了扩大该项目的影响，该方法将在联合国教科文组织欧洲地理世界遗产名录上的450多个遗址实施。在遥感调查之后，将对最关键的遗址进行详细的地质解释、灾害分析、地方范围的监测、先进的建模和现场调查，以发现观察到的运动的原因和程度。将通过成立指导委员会和示范遗址收集者，让学术界和文物保护部门的利益攸关方积极参与。PROTHEGO将加强国家层面的文化遗产管理，通过知识和创新加强机构支持和治理，识别、评估和监测风险，加强未来遗产财产的防灾准备。

Tangible cultural heritage includes various categories of monuments and sites, from cultural landscapes and sacred sites to archaeological complexes, individual architectural or artistic monuments and historic urban centres.Such places are continuously impacted and weathered by several internal and external factors, both natural and human-induced, with rapid and/or slow onset, including natural hazards, such as earthquakes or extreme meteorological events, cumulative processes as well as the effects of humans, especially in conflict situations.A clear picture of endangered sites is not available; UNESCO, WMF and ICOMOS are providing useful information but only on a limited portion of heritage. In particular, the list of List of World Heritage in danger in accordance with Article 11 of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage mainly focuses on sites threaten by armed conflicts (e.g., Medieval monuments in Kosovo), or uncontrolled development (e.g., Liverpool Maritime Mercantile City, and the Dresden Elbe valley, recently delisted from the UNESCO World Heritage).New space technology based on radar interferometry (InSAR) is now capable to monitor, since 1992 and with mm precision, surface deformation for reflective targets named persistent scatterers, which consistently return stable signals to the radar satellites.Led by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research, and in collaboration with NERC British Geological Survey, Geological and Mining Institute of Spain, University of Milano-Bicocca and Cyprus University of Technology, the project PROTHEGO will make an innovative contribution towards the analysis of geohazards in areas of cultural heritage in Europe.The project will apply novel InSAR techniques to monitor monuments and sites that are potentially unstable due to landslides, sinkholes, settlement, subsidence, active tectonics as well as structural deformation, all of which could be effected of climate change and human interaction.To magnify the impact of the project, the approach will be implemented in more than 450 sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List in geographical Europe.After the remote sensing investigation, detailed geological interpretation, hazard analysis, local-scale monitoring, advanced modelling and field surveying for the most critical sites will be carried out to discover cause and extent of the observed motions.Active engagement of stakeholders from both academic and heritage conservation sectors will be undertaken via establishment of the Steering Committee and Demonstration Site Stakeholders.PROTHEGO will enhance Cultural Heritage management at National level, reinforcing institutional support and governance through knowledge and innovation, identifying, assessing and monitoring risks, strengthening disaster preparedness at heritage properties in the future.