Food Insecurity at the Time of Climate Change: Sharing and Learning from Bottom-Up Responses in the Caribbean Region

对于大加勒比国家--特别是小岛屿发展中国家--来说，气候变化正在重塑土地与人之间的关系。最近的暴风雨摧毁了古巴的整个甘蔗生产，牙买加、圣卢西亚和多米尼克的香蕉种植园，格林纳达的肉豆蔻出口大幅减少，而降雨量的减少在某些情况下摧毁了整个粮食作物。此外，加勒比共同体(加共体)--该地区20个国家组成的集团--表示，其90%以上的粮食是进口的，这使它们很容易受到突如其来的经济、政治和环境冲击，它们的粮食供应可能会暂停一段时间，使该地区粮食不安全。在这方面，自上而下的干预通常很少关注人与自然互动的历史，其意外后果是忽视和抹去了几个世纪以来集体和自下而上的陆地和海洋资源管理形式所代表的文化记忆和遗产。这在涉及土著社区、妇女、老年人和年轻一代以及与土地有密切联系的少数族裔社区的情况下尤其成问题，在这些社区中，与殖民主义和跨大西洋奴隶制的遗产生活在一起的额外负担是这些经济的基础。事实上，跨大西洋奴隶贸易的遗产经常被提及，但很少被承认，这是围绕该区域农业发展和建立具有弹性和可持续的粮食系统的政策制定的障碍，符合促进所有人的福利和公平的社会经济发展。作为回应，我们的伙伴关系将大加勒比区域5个国家的四个学术伙伴和基层民间社会组织聚集在一起：安提瓜和巴布达的麦克切斯尼·乔治中学；伯利兹的非洲和土著研究图书馆；哥伦比亚圣安德烈斯群岛的Raizal青年组织；牙买加的Bernard Lodge农民协会；波多黎各的卡尼奥马丁·佩尼亚社区土地信托基金。每个伙伴都有特定的专长、正在进行的项目和对其未来的展望。这一多学科和跨学科伙伴关系的工作将包括：1.在五个国家中每一个国家举办五个讲习班。这些活动将由当地社区组织、领导和主办，并得到两名当地研究助理和学术合作伙伴的支持。讲习班将通过分享面对环境变化的粮食不安全的当地历史和经验，以及当地嵌入的解决办法，构成伙伴关系的面对面知识联合制作部分。将确定、绘制最佳做法的地图，并集体讨论最佳做法的复制。2.该网站--由两个RA定期更新和监测--是共享数据的工具，也是与会者在讲习班结束后持续参与的平台，这将有助于对所产生的见解进行持续的分析和解释。通过讲习班和网站扩大网络：接触和接触参与现有伙伴关系的国家内的更多社区，以及没有参与这一伙伴关系的其他大加勒比国家的更多社区。4.绘制每个国家的监管框架和政策环境图，作为开始将讲习班数据纳入相关政策见解的基础。根据研讨会的结果和持续的知识合作成果制定政策简报。通过直接参与讲习班和在“政策布里斯托尔”和编写政策简报的帮助下间接传播给相关政策制定者。6.发表关于伙伴关系建立过程和知识共同生产的学术研究

For the Greater Caribbean states - especially Small Island Developing States (SIDS) - climate change is re-shaping the relationship between land and people. Recent storms have wiped out the entire sugar cane production of Cuba, banana plantations in Jamaica, St Lucia and Dominica, and decimated nutmeg exports from Grenada, while the decrease in rainfall has in some cases destroyed entire food crops. Furthermore, the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) - a grouping of twenty countries in the region - states that over 90% of its food is imported, which makes them vulnerable to sudden economic, political, and environmental shocks, wherein their food supplies can be suspended for indeterminable periods of time, making this region food insecure. Here, top-down interventions have typically paid little attention to the history of the interaction between people and nature, with the unintended consequence of neglecting and erasing the cultural memory and the heritage represented by centuries of collective and bottom up forms of land and maritime resource management. This is particularly problematic in cases involving indigenous communities, women, elder people and the young generations, along with minority ethnic communities with strong connections to the land, where there is the added burden of living with the legacy of colonialism and transatlantic slavery, upon which these economies are built. Indeed, the legacy of the transatlantic slave trade is on oft cited, but rarely acknowledged barrier to policy making around agricultural development in the region and the construction of resilient and sustainable food systems consistent with fostering the welfare and equitable socio-economic development for all.In response, our partnership brings together four academic partners and grass-roots civil society organisations across 5 countries in the Greater Caribbean region: McChesney George Secondary School in Antigua and Barbuda; the Library of African and Indigenous Studies in Belize; the Raizal Youth Organisation in the Archipelago de San Andres, Colombia; the Bernard Lodge Farmer's Association in Jamaica; the Fidecomiso of the Caño Martin Peña Community Land Trust in Puerto Rico. Each partner has specific expertise, ongoing projects and a vision for their future.The work of this multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary partnership will comprise:1. The running of the five workshops in each of the five countries. These will be organised, led, and hosted by the local communities with support from the two local Research Assistants and the academic partners. Workshops will comprise the face-face knowledge co-production component of the partnership through the sharing of local histories and experiences of food insecurity in the face of environmental changes, as well as their locally embedded solutions. Best practices will be identified, mapped and their reproduction collectively discussed. 2. The website - regularly updated and monitored by the two RA's - serves as a tool to share data and serves as a platform for ongoing engagement by participants after the workshops, which will facilitate ongoing analysis and interpretation of insights generated.3. Expand the network via the workshops and the website: reach out and engage more communities within the countries involved in the existing partnership, and to further communities in other Greater Caribbean countries not involved in this partnership. 4. Map the regulatory framework and policy environment of each country as the basis upon which to begin incorporating workshop data into policy relevant insights.5. Develop policy briefs based on findings of workshops and ongoing knowledge co-production. Diffusion to relevant policy makers through direct engagement in the workshops and indirectly with the help of 'Policy Bristol' and the preparation of policy briefs. 6. Publishing academic research on both the process of the partnership's establishment and the knowledge co-produce