Gendered re-presentations of disability: Equality, empowerment and marginalisation in Paralympic media

在第四频道S社会进步报道的推动下，残奥会取得了商业上的成功，导致了一种名人残奥会媒体文化和新的性别/性别化媒体对辅助运动员的呈现。从Pinterest的《残奥会宝贝》到《每日镜报》的《最性感女性残奥会》，残奥会媒体正在挑战性别和性取向在代表残疾方面的历史边缘化。虽然这些例子显示了残疾代表在文化和社会方面的重要变化，但它在残疾媒体内容方面提出了关于性别平等的紧迫问题，特别是在代表与种族和族裔等其他形式的边缘身份相交的情况下。到目前为止，还没有实证研究探索残奥会媒体对性别平等的报道。该项目旨在解决这一问题，提供关于残奥会印刷媒体和在线媒体中辅助运动员的性别/性别化表现的新知识，重点是交叉性，以及媒体以外的这一现象对残疾人生活中性别身份和性身份的体验和谈判的影响。这一知识可用于改进残疾代表的方法，使其具有性别包容性，赋予残疾人权力，并有助于更好地融入社会和增进性别/性福祉。它旨在进一步促进确保残奥会媒体报道--作为促进残疾人平等和赋权的重要工具--继续实现进步的社会变革。该项目由几个综合的定性工作包组成，以提供一个强大的联合证据基础。这些措施包括：(1)对2020年东京残奥会媒体内容进行全面的媒体分析，旨在更全面地探索辅助运动员的主导性别表征，以及(2)通过使用焦点小组/采访和采访，探索主导性别表征如何以多种方式融入残疾人日常生活中对性别认同的认知、解释、对话和(重新)谈判。根据焦点小组/访谈的结果制作的公共艺术展将通过与残疾艺术家的创造性合作，提高项目中多元和多样化的残疾声音，并阐明性别、性取向和残疾这一闻所未闻和被边缘化的问题。该项目建立在这一领域以前研究的基础上，并与非学术组织建立联系，以持续影响政策和实践，与民间社会接触，以及学术和非学术组织之间的合作。重要的是，它力求更全面和更具批判性地探索新出现的残疾性别政治，并协助建立一个关于性别、残疾、文化、体育和媒体研究的经验性跨学科知识库，以解决整个人文学科的性别平等和残疾平等问题。

The commercial success of the Paralympics, driven by Channel 4's socially progressive coverage, has led to a celebrity Paralympic media culture and new gendered/sexualised media representations of para-athletes. From Pinterest's 'Paralympian Babes' to the Daily Mirror's 'Sexiest Female Paralympians', Paralympic media is challenging the historical marginalisation of gender and sexuality in the representation of disability. Whilst such examples demonstrate important cultural and social change in disability representation, it raises pressing questions concerning gender equality in the context of disability media content, particularly as representations intersect with other forms of marginal identities such as race and ethnicity. No empirical research to date has explored Paralympic media coverage in relation to gender equality. This project seeks to address this, providing new knowledge on the gendered/sexualised representations of para-athletes in Paralympic print and online media with a focus on intersectionality, and the implications of this beyond the media on the experiences and negotiation of gendered and sexual identities in the lives of disabled people. This knowledge can be used to refine approaches to disability representation that are gender inclusive, empowering for disabled people, and contribute to greater social inclusion and gendered/sexual well-being. It aims to further contribute to ensuring Paralympic media coverage - as an important vehicle for the equality and empowerment of disabled people - continues to effect progressive social change. The project is formed of several integrated qualitative work packages to provide a robust joined-up evidence base. These include: (1) A comprehensive media analysis of the 2020 Tokyo Paralympic media content that will aim more fully explore the dominant gendered representations of para-athletes, and, (2) through the use of focus groups/interviews and interviews, to explore the multiple ways dominant gendered representations feed into the perceptions, interpretations, conversations and (re-)negotiation of gendered identities in the everyday lives of disabled people. A public art exhibition drawn from the findings of focus groups/interviews will elevate the multiple and diverse disabled voices in the project and illuminate the unheard and marginalised issue of gender, sexuality and disability through creative collaboration with disabled artists.The project builds on previous research in this area and established links with non-academic organisations for ongoing impact on policy and practice, engagement with civil society, and collaborations between academic and non-academic organisations. Importantly, it seeks to more fully and critically explore an emerging disability gender politics and aid the development of an empirical interdisciplinary knowledge base on gender, disability, culture, sport and media studies to address the issue of both gender and disability equality across the humanities.