Disarming International Law: forgotten pasts and future possibilities on a global front line

该项目建议及时重新评估传统上被边缘化的国际法贡献者，对裁军法律的历史产生新的见解。尽管人们普遍承认，群众运动是20世纪世纪每一次重大裁军倡议的背后，但法律的学术研究仍然集中在对这段历史的国家或精英的叙述上。最近在探讨非国家行为者的作用时，往往倾向于普遍化的叙述，从上面提供全景，而不是“从下面”对裁军法律的问题的许多不同的参与进行具体地点和背景的叙述。当代关于国际裁军的范围、定义和目标的辩论继续受到历史叙述的影响，因此，有必要重新评估这些叙述，以便对目前的裁军斗争提供重要的见解。苏格兰是一个很少从事国际法律的学术研究的地方，该项目假设，它提供了从根本上重新思考国际法在哪里以及如何进行辩论、争议和制定的可能性，这与对理论和法律的实践的传统理解背道而驰。对苏格兰的活动进行深入分析，可以说明与全球其他地方的联系和比较经验，这些地方曾经并继续就裁军问题进行辩论和法律争议。该项目利用活动人士提供的材料和来源，将苏格兰作为全球前线的经验-曾经是欧洲最大的核武器集中地-置于反帝国主义、跨国社会运动和环保主义的更广泛背景下。该项目追踪在法律的斗争的特定时刻从这个特定地点产生的对裁军的不同理解。它通过格拉斯哥的红色克莱德赛德和布尔什维克革命对苏格兰国际主义者的影响，追溯了1916年和平十字军妇女的行动主义，到21世纪世纪之交的冷战反核行动主义和环保主义者的直接行动。该项目的重点是全球联系和边缘化的法律的斗争提请人们重新注意根深蒂固的赤字在传统的理解法律的变化和国际法的立法。该项目的方法论采用了广泛的材料，为法律的分析提供信息--考虑到图像、横幅和创造性艺术作品以及活生生的历史的重要性--同样引发了对如何调查国际法的制定和辩论的重新思考。至关重要的是，该项目对这段边缘历史的恢复受到了来自女权主义和后殖民理论的创新见解的启发。它认识到，妇女和被剥夺者的声音不断从记录中抹去，不仅是通过以重大事件和伟大（白色）男子为中心的片面叙述，而且是通过以专业做法和教义正统为中心的叙述。它利用“另类档案”来了解裁军法律的发展，审查个人日记、回忆录和当地社区的竞选材料以及口头证词，以记录和保存这段被边缘化的历史。PI的专著将为持续的跨学科交流和对其经验方法的影响进行更广泛的辩论提供基础，这一辩论将通过一次重大的国际会议和特刊进行扩展。该项目的证词和委托艺术品-证词参与者的肖像和参与者描述的事件的图形小说-将用于现场和永久在线展览，以提高历史意识，并形成苏格兰学校课程开发的教育资源基础。

This project proposes a timely reappraisal of traditionally marginalised contributors to international law, generating new insights into the history of disarmament laws. Despite the widely acknowledged fact that mass movements have been behind every major disarmament initiative of the 20th century, legal scholarship remains centred upon either a state-based or elite-focused account of this history. And recent attempts to address the role of non-state actors have tended towards universalising narratives that offer a panoramic view from above, rather than a place- and context-specific account of the many and varied engagements with disarmament legal issues 'from below'. Contemporary debates on the scope, definition and goals of international disarmament continue to be framed by historical narratives, therefore a reappraisal of those narratives is necessary to offer critical insight on present disarmament struggles.Significantly, the project takes as its central case study, the examination of Scottish-based disarmament activism. Scotland is a rarely engaged site for international legal scholarship and one that, the project hypothesises, offers the potential for radically rethinking where and how international law can be debated, contested, and made that runs counter to traditional understandings of doctrine and legal practice. In depth analysis of activism in Scotland illuminates the connections and comparative experience of other global sites at which disarmament issues were and continue to be debated and legally contested. Using activist-generated materials and sources, the project situates Scotland's experience as a global front line - at one time the site of the largest concentration of nuclear weapons in Europe - within a broader context of anti-imperialism, transnational social movements and environmentalism. The project tracks distinct understandings of disarmament that emerged from this specific site at particular moments of legal struggle. It traces activism by the Peace Crusade women of 1916 through Glasgow's Red Clydeside and the influence of the Bolshevik Revolution on Scottish internationalists, to Cold War anti-nuclear activism and environmentalist direct actions at the turn of the 21st century. The project's focus on global connections and marginalised legal struggles draws renewed attention to the entrenched deficits in traditional understandings of legal change and law-making in international law. The project's methodological engagement with a wide range of materials to inform legal analysis - taking account of, eg, the importance of images, banners and creative artworks alongside lived histories - similarly provokes a rethinking of how to investigate the making and debating of international law.Crucially, the project's recovery of this marginal history is informed by innovative insights drawn from feminist and postcolonial theory. It recognises that the voices of women and the dispossessed are continually erased from the record not only through partial narratives centred upon great events and great (white) men, but upon professional practices and doctrinal orthodoxies. It draws upon an 'alternative archive' for understanding the development of disarmament laws, examining personal diaries, memoirs and local community campaigning materials together with oral testimonies to document and preserve this marginalised history. The PI's monograph will provide the grounding for sustained interdisciplinary exchange and a wider debate on the implications of its empirical approach, this debate being extended by a major international conference and Special Issue. The project testimonies, and commissioned artworks - portraits of testimony participants and graphic novel depicting events described by participants - will be used for an in-person and permanent online exhibition to enhance historical awareness, and form the basis of educational resources for curriculum development in Scottish schools.