Wildfire Resilient Cultural Heritage

野火是一个社会自然过程，体现了人类社会复杂的二元性。人类利用火来改造景观，为农业和发展清理土地，并补充土壤养分。与此同时，火的破坏力危及生计、传统和景观。人为气候变化破坏了野火与人类的关系，直接影响自然环境，间接影响社会结构和行为，威胁到物质和非物质文化遗产。应对气候驱动的火情变化对物质和非物质文化遗产带来的日益严峻的挑战，需要对野火与文化之间的关系建立系统的、基于地点的理解，从而为促进遗产抵御野火威胁的政策奠定基础。在此背景下，FIRECULT将：(1)记录和探索消防制度特征在当地文化、遗产和景观发展中的作用；(2)描述火情变化对生活方式、景观和地标的风险；(3)量化野火发生频率、强度和范围变化对文化遗产造成的直接和间接损失；(4)评估传统火灾管理的可持续性并确定最佳做法；(5)制定适应野火的遗产治理策略；(6)在目前和即将发生火灾的地区促进跨学科和跨区域的文物保护知识交流。FIRECULT将在全球和地方尺度上研究气候-野火-遗产关系。全球建模活动旨在评估气候引起的野火制度变化对遗产的跨界、生物群落水平的影响，评估火灾对生活方式、景观和地标的风险。本地分析在爱尔兰、肯尼亚、土耳其和意大利的四个遗产丰富的景观案例研究地点进行，有目的地选择以代表一系列生物群落、当前和预测的火灾风险水平以及土地利用管理的传统。

Wildland fire is a socio-natural process embodying a complex duality for human societies. Humans use fire to modify their landscape, clear land for agriculture and development, and replenish soil nutrients. At the same time, fire's destructive power endangers livelihoods, traditions and landscapes. Anthropogenic climate change disrupts the wildfire-human relationship, directly through its influence on the natural environment and indirectly by impacting on societal structures and behaviours, threatening tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Addressing the growing challenges posed by climate-driven fire regime change on tangible and intangible cultural heritage requires building systematic and place-based understanding of the wildfire-culture relationship to underpin policies promoting heritage resilience to wildfire threats.In this context, FIRECULT will: (1) document and explore the role of fire regime characteristics in the development of local cultures, heritage and landscapes; (2) characterize the risk of fire regime change to lifeways, landscapes and landmarks; (3) quantify the direct and indirect costs to cultural heritage resulting from changing wildfire frequency, intensity and extent; (4) assess the sustainability of traditional fire management and identify best practices; (5) develop strategies for wildfire resilient heritage governance; and (6) facilitate transdisciplinary and cross-regional knowledge exchange for heritage conservation across currently and soon-to-be fire prone regions. FIRECULT will examine the climate-wildfire-heritage nexus at the global and local scales. Global modelling activities are designed to assess the cross-border, biome-level effects of climate-induced wildfire regime change on heritage, assessing the risk of fire to ways of life, landscapes, and landmarks. Local analyses take place in four case study sites of heritage-rich landscapes in Ireland, Kenya, Turkey, and Italy, purposefully selected to represent a range of biomes, levels of current and projected fire risk, and traditions of land use management.