INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES OF LEISHMANIA

四个相互关联的项目将集中在两个主要形式和病因 新世界利什曼病的病原体 其中前三个将解决 主要限制控制，而后者将调查更基本的 问题. 项目一将评估以实验室为基础的 实验方案，并评估杀虫剂的敏感性， 在实验室和实地研究中以白蛉媒介为目标。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 同域传播和媒介-寄生虫相互作用的基本问题 将在本项目的范围内进行探讨。 在项目二中， 技术选择将被应用于诊断表皮和 内脏利什曼病 评价标准将基于 控制策略要求：灵敏度、特异性、阳性 和阴性预测值，测试前和测试后的可能性，成本和 时间考虑。 项目三将调查各种机制， 发病机制的分子介质，包括特应性和易感性 对L.临床表型患者中的巴西脑炎. 感染范围的极端。 发病机制的平行研究 乳巴西感染的仓鼠将研究的作用， 超敏反应和这些反应的调节剂， 发展转移，以及潜在的持久性的问题， 病变愈合后的利什曼病。 在项目IV中，寄生虫毒力将 被研究。 L. braziliensis核型和拟单倍型， 实验脊椎动物有性重组可能性， 无脊椎动物宿主，以及染色体外的性质和潜在作用 检测毒力的DNA和菌株区分基因产物。

Four interrelated projects will focus on two major forms and etiologic agents of New World leishmaniasis. The first three of these will address major constraints to control while the latter will investigate more basic questions. Project I will assess vectorial capacity in laboratory-based experimental protocols, and evaluate insecticide susceptibility and targeting to sandfly vectors in laboratory and field studies. In addition, basic questions of sympatric transmission and vector-parasite interactions will be explored within the context of this project. In project II new technological options will be applied to the diagnosis of tegumentary and visceral leishmaniasis. Evaluation criteria will be based on the requirements for control strategies: sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, pre-test and post-test likelihood, cost and time considerations. Project III will investigate the mechanisms and molecular mediators of pathogenesis, including atopy, and susceptibility and resistance to L. braziliensis in patients with clinical phenotypes at the extremes of the infection spectrum. Parallel studies of pathogenesis of L. braziliensis infection in the hamster will examine the role of hypersensitivity reactions and modulators of these reactions on the development of metastases, and the question of latent persistence of Leishmania after healing of lesions. In Project IV parasite virulence will be studied. The stability of L. braziliensis karyotype and schizodeme and the possibility of sexual recombination in experimental vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, and the nature and potential role of extrachromosomal DNA and strain-distinguishing gene products in virulence will examined.