PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES, CHROMOSOMES & CELL NUCLEI

主要目的是研究病毒、核蛋白和 染色体 特别强调其内部组织 核酸 这将尝试使用显着的光学 DNA和RNA在其各种化学和物理性质中的性质 状态（电荷、单链或双链、二级和三级 聚集体和蛋白质复合物中的几何形状改变等）。 最重要的方法是： a）圆二色性（CD）和流动取向CD; B）圆二色显微分光光度法; c）电和流动二向色性，电和流动双折射; d）荧光检测圆二色性（FDCD）;和 e）通过fluoroscat和FDCD方法的散射校正CD。 上述技术将提供有关以下方面的信息 性质：a）核酸碱基之间的相互作用， 核酸和蛋白质复合物以及蛋白质组分， 它们自身存在于诸如病毒、染色体和完整的 核; B）蛋白质外壳的电和流体动力学性质 以及病毒中核酸的平均取向，核蛋白 和染色体;以及，c）病毒中核酸的超结构， 核组蛋白-DNA和RNA聚集体和/或复合物，以及 核酸在完整核和完整细胞中的卷曲。 借助上述测量和最近发展的理论 圆强度微分散射（CIDS），希望 可以构建满足所有测量的模型， 生物结构中核酸的组织， 通过这项研究，光学性质的新诊断技术可以 开发用于检测和识别病毒，正常和异常 癌细胞学研究中的细胞和染色体的状态 完整细胞核中的生命周期

The main objective is to study the structure of viruses, nucleoproteins and chromosomes. Particular emphasis on the internal organization of their nucleic acids. This will be attempted by using the remarkable optical properties of both DNA and RNA in their various chemical and physical states (charge, single or double strandedness, secondary and tertiary geometry alteration in aggregates and in protein complexes, etc.). The most important methods will be: a) circular dichroism (CD) and flow oriented CD; b) circular dichroic microspectrophotometry; c) electric and flow dichroism, electric and flow birefringence; d) flourescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD); and e) scattered corrected CD by fluoroscat and FDCD methods. The above techniques will give information concerning the following properties: a) the interactions between the bases of the nucleic acids, the nucleic acids and protein complexes and the proteins components with themselves in such biological structures as viruses, chromosomes and intact nuclei; b) the electric and hydrodynamic properties of the protein coats and the average orientation of nucleic acids in viruses, nucleo-proteins and chromosomes; and, c) the superorganization of nucleic acids in viruses, nucleohistone-DNA and RNA aggregate and/or complexes, and the degree of coiling of nucleic acids in intact nuclei and intact cells. With the help of the above measurements and the recently developed theory of circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS), it is hoped that models satisfying all the measurements can be constructed, giving insight on the organization of nucleic acids in biological structures, and that through this research, new diagnostic techniques of an optical nature can be developed for detecting and identifying viruses, normal and abnormal cells in cancer cytological studies and the state of the chromosome thorugh its life cycle in the intact nuclei.