PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF VIRUSES, CHROMOSOMES & CELL NUCLEI

主要目的是研究病毒、核蛋白和 染色体。特别强调其内部组织 核酸。这将尝试通过使用非凡的光学 DNA和RNA在不同化学和物理条件下的性质 态(电荷、单链或双链、二级和三级 聚集体和蛋白质复合体中的几何变化等)。 最重要的方法是： A)圆二向色性(CD)和流动取向CD； B)圆二色显微分光光度法； C)电和流二向色性、电和流双折射； D)荧光检测圆二色谱(FDCD)； E)用荧光法和FDCD法对Cd进行散射校正。 上述技术将提供有关以下方面的信息 性质：a)核酸碱基之间的相互作用， 核酸和蛋白质复合体及其蛋白质组分 在病毒、染色体和完整的生物结构中 核子；b)蛋白质涂层的电学和流体力学性质 以及病毒、核蛋白中核酸的平均取向 和染色体；以及，c)病毒中核酸的超组织， 核组蛋白-DNA和RNA聚集和/或复合体，以及 核酸在完整的细胞核和完整的细胞中卷曲。 借助于上述测量和最新发展的理论 对于圆强度差分散射(CID)，人们希望 可以构建满足所有测量的模型，从而提供洞察力 关于生物结构中核酸的组织，以及 通过这项研究，光学性质的新诊断技术可以 开发用于检测和识别病毒，正常和异常 肿瘤细胞学研究中的细胞和染色体的状态 它的生命周期在完整的细胞核中。

The main objective is to study the structure of viruses, nucleoproteins and chromosomes. Particular emphasis on the internal organization of their nucleic acids. This will be attempted by using the remarkable optical properties of both DNA and RNA in their various chemical and physical states (charge, single or double strandedness, secondary and tertiary geometry alteration in aggregates and in protein complexes, etc.). The most important methods will be: a) circular dichroism (CD) and flow oriented CD; b) circular dichroic microspectrophotometry; c) electric and flow dichroism, electric and flow birefringence; d) flourescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD); and e) scattered corrected CD by fluoroscat and FDCD methods. The above techniques will give information concerning the following properties: a) the interactions between the bases of the nucleic acids, the nucleic acids and protein complexes and the proteins components with themselves in such biological structures as viruses, chromosomes and intact nuclei; b) the electric and hydrodynamic properties of the protein coats and the average orientation of nucleic acids in viruses, nucleo-proteins and chromosomes; and, c) the superorganization of nucleic acids in viruses, nucleohistone-DNA and RNA aggregate and/or complexes, and the degree of coiling of nucleic acids in intact nuclei and intact cells. With the help of the above measurements and the recently developed theory of circular intensity differential scattering (CIDS), it is hoped that models satisfying all the measurements can be constructed, giving insight on the organization of nucleic acids in biological structures, and that through this research, new diagnostic techniques of an optical nature can be developed for detecting and identifying viruses, normal and abnormal cells in cancer cytological studies and the state of the chromosome thorugh its life cycle in the intact nuclei.