THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHILDHOOD BRAIN TUMORS

这项建议的目的是为了更全面地了解 脑癌的两种主要组织学类型的病因学- 胶质瘤和髓母细胞瘤--发生在幼儿身上。限制 0-5岁儿童的病例将允许有效地研究 遗传易感性，父母在发病前暴露于诱变剂 儿童的受孕和孕期暴露于致癌物质 可能的风险因素。归根结底，对病因的了解 可以预防这些肿瘤的早期发现。 调查人员将通过以下方式进行病例对照研究 儿童癌症研究小组，一个由32人组成的合作小组 儿科医院及其在美国和加拿大的附属公司。 诊断为Glima或髓母细胞瘤的患者 六岁生日并在CCSG登记将构成案件。 新诊断的脑肿瘤患者在CCSG注册 约占美国所有此类患者的60%。 将通过随机数字拨号的方式选择控件 由我们开发，与出生日期匹配的每个病例一个对照 (正负1年)、种族、区号、交换和下一个2位数字 电话号码的。人口统计数据、指数历史 怀孕、父母生育史、父母职业 病史、家庭接触史和家族病史 将通过电话采访每个人的父母来收集 病例对照。 文献和我们自己的数据提供了假设 测试：与对照组相比，患有脑瘤的幼儿 有较高频率的1)癫痫、癌症家族史 神经、造血和淋巴系统的，或童年的 癌症，2)先入为主的油漆、溶剂和金属暴露 通过父亲的职业和3)孕期接触 酒精，其他神经活性药物，染发产品，N- 含有亚硝基的物质、与农场有关的暴露或金属。 联想的模式预计不会与 胶质瘤和髓母细胞瘤。 这项研究的规模将更大，这两个主要 组织学类型和年龄范围比以往任何时候都要窄 对儿童脑癌的研究，但也可能被期待 阐明了年龄较大儿童脑肿瘤的病因和 成年人。

The objective of this proposal is to understand more fully the etiology of the two major histologic types of brain cancer - gliomas and medulloblastomas - in young children. Restricting the cases to children aged 0-5 will allow an effective study of genetic predisposition, parental exposure to mutagens prior to the child's conception, and gestational exposure to carcinogens as possible risk factors. Ultimately, knowledge of etiologic factors may allow prevention of early detection of these tumors. The investigators will perform the case-control study through the Childrens Cancer Study Group, a cooperative group of 32 pediatric hospitals and their affiliates in the U.S. and Canada. Patients diagnosed wth a glima or medulloblastoma before their sixth birthday and registered with CCSG will constitute the cases. Newly diagnosed brain tumor patients registered with CCSG represent approximately 60% of all such patients in the U.S. Controls will be selected by the method of random digit dialing developed by us with one control per case matched on birth date (plus or minus 1 year), race, area code, exchange and next 2 digits of the telephone number. Demographic data, history of index pregnancy, parental reproductive history, parental occupational history, household exposure history, and family medical history will be collected in telephone interviews of the parents of each case matched control. The literature and our own data provided the hypotheses to be tested: compared to controls, young children with brain tumors have a higher frequency of 1) family history of seizures, cancers of the nervous, hematopoietic and lymphoid systems, or childhood cancers, 2) preconception exposures to paints, solvents and metals through paternal occupation and 3) gestational exposure to alcohol, other neurally active drugs, hair coloring products, N- nitroso containing substances, farm-related exposures, or metals. The pattern of associations is not expected to be the same for glioma and medulloblastoma. This study will be larger in size for each of the two major histologic types and narrower in age range than any previous studies of childhood brain cancer but may also be expected to shed light on the etiology of brain tumors in older children and adults.