14TSB_SynBio: BaseHunter: a software tool for synthetic biology procurement

蛋白质使用四种化学碱基(A、T、C和G)编码成DNA。由三个碱基组成的字符串称为密码子。因为DNA有四个碱基，所以最多可以形成(4x4x4)的唯一密码子。在可能的密码子中，有61个用于编码氨基酸。只有20种不同的氨基酸用于构建蛋白质。LIFE使用的不是未使用的密码子，而是平均三个不同密码子编码相同氨基酸的系统。因此，相同的蛋白质序列可以用许多不同的DNA序列来编码。每个DNA序列都会随着翻译效率、转录效率、蛋白质折叠和合成容易程度等参数的不同而不同。密码子优化是一个算法过程，它试图为给定的目的选择可能的最佳变体。这个项目的研究部分试图开发一种方法来衡量不同的密码子优化算法的执行情况。这将通过获得不同的密码子优化基因并测量它们在生命系统中的行为来实现。

Proteins are encoded into DNA using four chemical bases (A, T, C and G). A string of three bases is called a codon. SinceDNA has four bases, a maximum of 64 (4x4x4) unique codons can be formed. Of the 64 possible codons, 61 are used toencode amino acids. There only 20 different amino acids used to construct proteins. Rather than having unused codons,life uses a system in which an average of three different codons encode the same amino acid. Consequently, the sameprotein sequence can be encoded with many different DNA sequences. Each DNA sequence will vary with respect toparameters such as translational efficiency, transcriptional efficiency, protein folding and ease of synthesis. Codonoptimisation is an algorithmic process that seeks to pick the best possible variant for a given purpose. The research part ofthis project seeks to develop a way of measuring how well different codon optimisation algorithms perform. This will bedone by obtaining different codon optimised genes and measuring how they behave in living systems.