PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS & AGGRESSION IN ANIMALS

滥用兴奋剂可能会产生爆炸性的， 在某些个体中不可预测的暴力爆发，而 其他人则完全退出社会交往。 具体 本研究的目的如下：1. 如何在功能上 具体的或普遍的是行为的宽容，敏感化， 和增强现象， 不同的经历后的精神刺激作用 社会冲突和亲和行为的情况？ 2. 怎么 某些社会行为的经验可以调节症状 阿片类药物戒断 哪一种是儿茶酚胺能 调节攻击性和防御性增强的机制 阿片类药物戒断时的反应 3. 如何体验与 生殖和攻击行为的基础上， 个体的激素状态，特别是女性， 影响阿片类药物的行为和生理作用， 精神兴奋剂？ 4.存在个体差异 对安非他明和可卡因的急性和慢性敏感性 与独特的社会经历有关的行为效应 我们 计划进行研究，将（1）参数确定 最小和“最佳”的社会，侵略性，防御性和 顺从行为，导致行为和 生理功能，（2）使用生化鉴定选择性 不同阿片受体亚型的配体以及 多巴胺能和去甲肾上腺素能受体亚型作为 功能评估;（3）定量评估选定的 功能，如DA，DOPAC，NE，5-HT，5-HIAA在离散 前脑和中脑区域，血清催乳素和皮质酮， 遥测心率、血压、核心温度、疼痛 惊吓反应、运动活动、辨别刺激 财产，母亲的照顾行为，性，社会，侵略， 防御、顺从和逃跑反应。另外的实验 将研究急性吗啡 与递增的更长时间的吗啡相比， 暴露在空气中会导致攻击性行为加剧 进一步 实验的目的是检查受体超- 在阿片类药物治疗期间激发动物的敏感性建议 几种选择性多巴胺能和去甲肾上腺素能戒断 受体激动剂，首先是全身性的，随后是体内的， 颅内灌注到特定的目标区域 的最终集合 实验将试图对抗安非他明和可卡因 哌唑嗪和其他药物对社交和攻击行为的影响 干扰去甲肾上腺素能和多巴胺能的药物 神经传递

Stimulant abuse may engender explosive and seemingly unpredictable violent outbursts in certain individuals, whereas others withdraw entirely from social interactions. The specific aims of the proposed research are as follows: 1. How functionally specific or pervasive are the behavioral tolerance, sensitization and potentiation phenomena in the profile of opiate and psychomotor stimulant effects after distinctive experiences in situations of social conflict and affiliative behavior? 2. How do experience with certain social behaviors modulate the symptoms of opiate withdrawal? Which are the catecholaminergic mechanisms that mediate heightened aggressive and defensive reactions during opiate withdrawal? 3. How do experience with reproductive and aggressive behavior that are based on the hormonal status of the individual, particularly in females, influence the behavioral and physiological effects of opiates and psychomotor stimulants? 4. Are individual differences in sensitivity to amphetamine's and cocaine's acute and chronic behavioral effects linked to distinctive social experiences? We plan to conduct studies that will (1) parametrically determine the minimal and "optimal" social, aggressive, defensive and submissive behaviors that result in modulation of behavioral and physiological functions, (2) use biochemically identified selective ligands at different opiate receptor subtypes as well as dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor subtypes as probes for functional assessments, and (3) quantitatively assess selected functions such as DA, DOPAC, NE, 5-HT, 5-HIAA in discrete fore- and midbrain regions, serum prolactin and corticosterone, telemetered heart rate, blood pressure, core temperature, pain and startle responses, motor activities, discriminative stimulus properties, maternal care behavior, sexual, social, aggressive, defensive, submissive and flight reactions. Additional experiments will investigate the effectiveness of acute morphine administration in comparison to incrementally longer morphine exposure to induce heightened aggressive behavior. Further experiments are designed to examine the receptor super- sensitivity proposal by challenging animals during opiate withdrawal with several selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor agonists, first systemically, and subsequently by intra- cranial infusion into specific target regions. A final set of experiments will attempt to antagonize amphetamine and cocaine effects on social and aggressive behavior with prazosin and other drugs that interfere with noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.