PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS & AGGRESSION IN ANIMALS

滥用兴奋剂可能会产生爆炸性和表面上的 在某些人中发生不可预测的暴力爆发，而 其他人则完全退出社交互动。具体的 提出的研究目标如下：1.功能如何 具体或普遍存在的是行为耐受性、敏感化 和增强现象在阿片剂和阿片剂的分布 不同经历后的精神运动刺激效应 社会冲突和从属行为的情况？2.如何 某些社会行为的经历会调整症状 鸦片类药物的戒断吗？哪些是儿茶酚胺能 调节高度攻击性和防御性的机制 在阿片类药物戒断过程中的反应？3.如何体验 生殖和攻击性行为是基于 个体的荷尔蒙状况，特别是女性， 影响阿片类药物的行为和生理效应 精神运动兴奋剂？4.精神运动兴奋剂的个体差异 对苯丙胺和可卡因的急性和慢性敏感性 行为影响与独特的社会体验有关吗？我们 计划进行以下研究：(1)以参数形式确定 最低限度和最佳的社交、攻击性、防御性和 导致行为和行为调节的顺从行为 生理功能，(2)使用生化鉴定的选择性 不同阿片受体亚型的配体以及 多巴胺能和去甲肾上腺素能受体亚型作为探针 功能评估，以及(3)定量评估选定的 离散的DA、DOPAC、NE、5-HT、5-HIAA等功能 前脑和中脑，血清催乳素和皮质酮， 遥测心率、血压、核心体温、疼痛 惊吓反应，运动活动，歧视性刺激 财产，母爱行为，性，社交，攻击性， 防御性、顺从性和逃逸反应。额外的实验 将调查急性吗啡的疗效 与递增更长时间的吗啡相比，给药 暴露于导致高度攻击性行为的环境中。进一步 实验的目的是检查受体的超 在阿片类药物期间挑战动物的敏感性建议 几种选择性多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素能药物戒断 受体激动剂，首先是全身用药，然后是体内用药 向特定靶区进行颅脑输注。最后一套 实验将试图对抗安非他明和可卡因 哌唑嗪和其他药物对社交和攻击行为的影响 干扰去甲肾上腺素能和多巴胺能的药物 神经传递。

Stimulant abuse may engender explosive and seemingly unpredictable violent outbursts in certain individuals, whereas others withdraw entirely from social interactions. The specific aims of the proposed research are as follows: 1. How functionally specific or pervasive are the behavioral tolerance, sensitization and potentiation phenomena in the profile of opiate and psychomotor stimulant effects after distinctive experiences in situations of social conflict and affiliative behavior? 2. How do experience with certain social behaviors modulate the symptoms of opiate withdrawal? Which are the catecholaminergic mechanisms that mediate heightened aggressive and defensive reactions during opiate withdrawal? 3. How do experience with reproductive and aggressive behavior that are based on the hormonal status of the individual, particularly in females, influence the behavioral and physiological effects of opiates and psychomotor stimulants? 4. Are individual differences in sensitivity to amphetamine's and cocaine's acute and chronic behavioral effects linked to distinctive social experiences? We plan to conduct studies that will (1) parametrically determine the minimal and "optimal" social, aggressive, defensive and submissive behaviors that result in modulation of behavioral and physiological functions, (2) use biochemically identified selective ligands at different opiate receptor subtypes as well as dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor subtypes as probes for functional assessments, and (3) quantitatively assess selected functions such as DA, DOPAC, NE, 5-HT, 5-HIAA in discrete fore- and midbrain regions, serum prolactin and corticosterone, telemetered heart rate, blood pressure, core temperature, pain and startle responses, motor activities, discriminative stimulus properties, maternal care behavior, sexual, social, aggressive, defensive, submissive and flight reactions. Additional experiments will investigate the effectiveness of acute morphine administration in comparison to incrementally longer morphine exposure to induce heightened aggressive behavior. Further experiments are designed to examine the receptor super- sensitivity proposal by challenging animals during opiate withdrawal with several selective dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor agonists, first systemically, and subsequently by intra- cranial infusion into specific target regions. A final set of experiments will attempt to antagonize amphetamine and cocaine effects on social and aggressive behavior with prazosin and other drugs that interfere with noradrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.