Newton Bhabha Industrial Waste: Bio-integrated Valorisation of India's Municipal Solid Waste to Renewable Feedstocks

该项目将开发IB，以测试一个综合的，有利可图的，非食品糖生产商业工厂设计的愿景，可以适应不同来源/成分的印度MSW隔离生物废物。该小组将：可评估MSbioW;开发新的预处理技术;高活性，耐受性和成本效益的氧化和水解酶，特别是对高木质纤维素废物;一个更具生产力的过程;使用非化学废物的生物炭和AD;确保植物控制和整合;经济可行性和代表性糖测试样品，通过建立一个试点工厂ICT。在印度开展可行、可持续的业务的关键是最大限度地提高非食用糖的经济生产，可持续生物降解高价值产品对非食用糖的需求日益增加。该项目首次汇集了主要合作伙伴利兹和ICT的强大能力，沿着了具体和关键的行业投入。社会技术经济成果将发展印度的社会、财富和环境改善，并对DAC国家和英国产生潜在影响。根据详细的市场研究，现有的MSW过程的盈利能力，因为他们是完全基于能源的产生.该项目将开发一种灵活的MSbioW工艺，以最大限度地提高非食品糖的生产，用于日益需求的可持续、可生物降解的产品。该团队由来自利兹和ICT的资深专家组成，他们以前没有机会一起工作，但通过这个项目可以在这一领域提供强大的力量。英国和印度的行业和学术合作伙伴已被引入该项目，以填补专业知识的具体空白。该项目建立在并使用合作伙伴纤维的专业知识，以及他们与利兹在美国和英国MSbioW糖生产方面的合作。研究表明，印度废物（纸张、纺织品、农业）中含有大量难消化的木质（半）纤维素材料，需要将其分解以确保经济效益，而不是将其用作能源。一个关键的方面是开发更有活性的氧化纤维素/纤维二糖/木质素/聚酯酶消化酶，这些酶可以促进和改善现有的商业混合酶产品，这将用作起点。使用不同来源的MSW的能力将通过工厂设计在过程中的几个点进行适应性管理：MSbioW来源的可变性分析;新湿热或微波预处理的调整;定制专门为更有效地分解印度废弃物而开发的氧化水解酶的组合;开发批量或连续流生物工艺以最大限度地提高糖产量;将非糖废物流引导至水热碳化（HTC）或厌氧消化（AD）。每个工作包的重点是确保这种非食品糖生产的可行经济性，以与目前非食品市场上使用的食品糖竞争。研究将针对在ICT孟买建设一个试点工厂，该工厂能够产生代表性的测试样本和数据，以建立一个全面工厂运营的经济模型，以说服投资者。一个有利可图的过程将鼓励实施，从而导致就业，改变废物收集行为，改善环境和随之而来的社会效益。非食品糖可用于高价值的商业产品，如可持续生物降解粘合剂：建筑行业（纤维素，玻璃棉）;聚合物（例如FDCA基，PLA，PHBV聚酯），药物（他汀类药物，抗病毒药，抗糖尿病药物中的（R）-3-HB）。该项目进一步推动了ODA的目标：通过100- 1000个就业机会和10亿英镑的城市固体废物新业务创造财富;通过影响城市固体废物分离和收集实践的变化来影响社会影响，积极影响低收入废物工人;减少环境城市废物负担。

The project will develop the IB required to test the vision of an integrated, profitable, non-food sugar producing commercialplant design which can adapt to different sources/compositions of Indian MSW segregated biowaste. The team will: assessviable MSbioW; develop new pretreatment technology; high activity, tolerant and cost effective oxidative and hydrolyticenzymes specific for high ligno-cellulosic waste; a more productive process; the use of non-chemical waste for biochar andAD; ensure plant control and integration; economic viability and representative sugar test samples by building a pilot plantat ICT. The key to a viable, sustainable operation in India is maximising the economic production of non-food sugar that isincreasingly demanded in sustainable biodegradable high-value products. The project brings together for the first timestrong capabilities at main partners LEEDS and ICT, along with specific and crucial industry input. The socio- technoeconomicoutcomes will develop society, wealth and environmental improvement in India with potential impacts upon DACcountries and the UK. Based on detailed market research existing MSW processes struggle for profitability because theyare based solely on energy generation. The project will develop a flexible MSbioW process to maximise non-food sugarproduction used in increasingly demanded sustainable, biodegradable products. The team are drawn from recognisedexperts at LEEDS and ICT who have not had the opportunity to work together before, but through this project could providea powerful force in this area. Industry and academic partners in the UK and India have been brought into the project to fillspecific gaps in expertise. The project builds on and uses expertise at partner FIBERIGHT, and their collaborative workwith LEEDS on sugar production from MSbioW in the US and UK. Studies have shown high-levels of indigestible ligno-(hemi)cellulosic material in Indian waste (paper, textiles, agriculture) whose breakdown is required to ensure economicsugar, rather than use for energy. A key aspect is the development of more active oxidative cellulose/cellobiose/lignin/polyesterase digesting enzymes that can contribute to, and improve the existing commercialmixed enzyme product, that will be used as a starting point. The ability to use MSW different sources will be managed by aplant design adaptive at several points in the process: analysis of the variability of source MSbioW; adjustment of newhydrothermal or microwave pre-treatment; tailoring the mix of oxidative, hydrolytic enzymes developed specifically for moreefficient breakdown of recalcitrant Indian waste; developing the batch or continuous flow bioprocess to maximise sugarproduction; directing non-sugar waste streams to either hydrothermal carbonisation (HTC) or anaerobic digestion (AD). Afocus across each work package is to ensure viable economics of this non-food sugar production to compete with currentuse of food sugar in non-food markets. Studies will be directed towards the construction of a pilot plant in ICT Mumbai ableto generate representative test samples, and data to build a model of the economics of full-scale plant operation toconvince investors. A profitable process will encourage implementation leading to employment, changes in waste collectionbehaviour, environmental improvement and consequent societal benefits. The non-food sugar can be used in high valuecommercial products such as sustainable biodegradable binders in: building sector (MDF, Glass Wool); polymers (eg.FDCA-based, PLA, PHBV polyesters), pharmaceuticals ((R)-3-HB in statins, antivirals, anti-diabetes). The project furthersODA aims by: creating wealth through 100-1000s jobs and 10s of new £100m MSW businesses; social impact byinfluencing changes in practice for MSbioW segregation and collection affecting positively low-paid waste workers;reducing environmental municipal waste burden.