VERTICAL EYE MOVEMENTS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS

我们提出了一个系统的定量研究垂直和水平眼 运动在正常人受试者和患者，以更好地了解 垂直眼运动控制生理学和病理生理学。 许多研究已经证明了在解剖学和生理学上的差异 垂直和水平的眼球运动控制。 这些观察结果必须在人类受试者中进行测试，因为可能存在以下问题： 存在明显的物种差异。 数量的缺乏 在临床文献中垂直眼球运动的研究， 直接追溯到精确记录垂直眼的困难 动作 我们计划仔细评估 3种不同的技术来记录垂直眼球运动 （眼电描记术、光电和巩膜探测线圈）。 我们将使用 精确的刺激和数字计算机分析技术来研究扫视， 追踪、视动、前庭和视觉-前庭眼球运动。 将为每种类型的眼球运动建立规范性数据， 垂直眼和水平眼特征的差异 运动将被识别。 我们将研究局灶性病变的患者， 已知对于产生垂直眼睛运动至关重要的区域（例如，的 中脑网状结构）和患有已知 影响垂直眼运动控制（例如，进行性核上 麻痹）。 将为每位患者选择眼动记录设备 根据测试的类型，患者的合作能力，具体的 问题和我们从测试中获得的经验 科目 拟议研究的直接、务实目标是 提高临床眼动测试的诊断价值， 在早期和更准确地定位中枢神经系统中 病变 长期目标是了解人类大脑 控制眼球的垂直运动

We propose a systematic quantitative study of vertical and horizontal eye movement in normal human subjects and patients to better understand the physiology and patho-physiology of vertical ocular motor control in man. Numerous studies have documented differences in the anatomy and physiology of vertical and horizontal ocular motor control in several animal species. These observations must be tested in human subjects because of the possible existence of significant species differences. The paucity of quantitative studies of vertical eye movements in the clinical literature can be directly traced to the difficulty in precisely recording vertical eye movements. We plan to carefully assess the advantages and disadvantages of 3 different techniques for recording vertical eye movements (electro-oculography, photoelectric and scleral search coil). We will use precise stimuli and digital computer analyses techniques to study saccadic, pursuit, optokinetic, vestibular and visual-vestibular eye movements. Normative data will be established for each type of eye movement and differences between the characteristics of vertical and horizontal eye movements will be identified. We will study patients with focal lesions in areas known to be critical for generating vertical eye movements (e.g., the mesencephalic reticular formation) and patients with syndromes known to affect vertical ocular motor control (e.g., progressive supranuclear palsy). Eye movement recording devices will be selected for each patient based on the type of test, the patient's ability to cooperate, specific questions being asked and our experience gained from testing prior subjects. The immediate, pragmatic objective of the proposed research is to improve the diagnostic value of clinical eye movement tests, resulting in earlier and more accurate localization of central nervous system lesions. The long-term objective is to understand how the human brain controls vertical eye movements.