SPATIAL COORDINATES OF VISUO VESTIBULO OCULAR REFLEXES

拟议实验的总体目标是证明 神经元操作可以在以下概念中有意义地解释 固有参照系。对此，借鉴的实现 将研究脊椎动物眼睛和头部运动系统中的框架 在行为的背景下，它们的系统发育和个体发育 发展。第一个具体目标将是确定 前庭-眼反射系统中的感觉-运动转换 牵涉到神经元回路。第二个项目将建立 前庭神经元对代偿性脑损伤的结构-功能关系 在物理空间的所有三个维度中进行自愿的眼球运动。这个 第三个具体目标将是描述视动力的个体发生 视网膜-小脑-前庭-动眼神经环内的参照系， 使用黑暗饲养的动物。第四个具体目标是系统发育 特别是脊椎动物前庭-动眼系统的发展 颌骨口部对水平半规管的获取及其临床意义 典型的硬骨鱼和弹簧鱼动眼组织。五号 具体目的将是进一步研究髋关节的生物力学。 脊椎动物头颈组合，将这项研究扩展到人头 移动系统。完成这一特殊项目可能会产生有益的结果 有关累及颈椎的骨科和神经元性疾病的数据 脊椎。 本研究使用的实验技术包括急性和慢性。 动物制剂，三维视觉和前庭刺激 细胞外和细胞内记录，细胞外和细胞内辣根 过氧化物酶(HRP)组织化学、三维眼动记录 使用磁性搜索线圈技术，电影放射成像，并选择性地 迷路内脏损害。 作为一个长期目标，拟议的实验应该证明 大脑利用固有的参照系来减少自由度 感觉-运动系统，从而简化了神经操作，以及 在狭小的最优窗口中节约大脑功能 大脑与身体的比例。

The overall goal of the proposed experiments is to demonstrate that neuronal operations can be meaningfully interpreted within the concept of intrinsic reference frames. To this effect, the realization of reference frames in the eye and head movement system of vertebrates will be studied in a behavioral context, as will their phylogenetic and ontogenetic development. The first specific aim will be to determine the process of sensory-motor transformation in the vestibulo-ocular reflex system and the involved neuronal circuits. The second project will establish the structure-function relationship of vestibular neurons to compensatory and voluntary eye movements in all three dimensions of physical space. The third specific aim will be to describe the ontogenesis of the optokinetic reference frame within the retino-cerebello-vestibulo-oculomotor loop, using dark-reared animals. The fourth specific aim targets the phylogenetic development of the vertebrate vestibulo-oculomotor system, in particular the acquisition of a horizontal semicircular canal by gnathostomes and the prototypical bony fish and elasmobranch oculomotor organization. The fifth specific aim will be to investigate further the biomechanics of the vertebrate head-neck ensemble, extending this study to the human head movement system. Completion of this particular project may yield useful data in regard to orthopedic and neuronal disorders involving the cervical vertebral column. Experimental techniques utilized in this research include acute and chronic animal preparations, three-dimensional visual and vestibular stimuli with extraand intracellular recordings, extra- and intrdcellular horseradish peroxidase (HRP) histochemistry, three-dimensional eye movement recordings with the magnetic search coil technique, cineradiography, and selective lesions of labyrinthine endorgans. As a long-term goal, the proposed experiments should demonstrate that the brain utilizes intrinsic reference frames to reduce the degrees of freedom of sensory-motor systems, thus simplifying neuronal operations, as well as economizing brain function in light of a narrow window of optimal brain-to-body ratio.