ANALYSIS OF FLICKER RETINAL ACTION POTENTIALS

本提案的主要目标是确定如何视觉 中间神经元相互作用以检测运动和运动方向。 细胞内记录将在海龟视网膜中进行， 定向选择性（DS）神经节细胞和最近发现的DS 无长突细胞和双极细胞，以及3D和更高的果蝇视叶 顺序，运动检测神经元及其光感受器，板层， 髓细胞输入。 将通过以下方法鉴定穿透细胞： 细胞内注射的荧光黄，它将被视为如果有 是相似或不相似细胞之间的任何染料偶联。 校长 刺激将是移动光栅。 为了了解潜在的机制， 更好的运动检测，这些引起的周期性反应， 使用傅立叶分析，将连续刺激与闪烁进行比较 对同步周期性刺激的反应。 在海龟视网膜中，需要回答的主要问题是 定向选择性来自DS网络内的相互作用 神经节，无长突和双极细胞以及GABAergie和 胆碱能无长突细胞。 其次，光谱灵敏度 将测量水平细胞，以确认R/G的身份 和B/G色对手细胞，以表征光谱特性， H4，并测试模型的输入水平细胞的锥与已知的 作用光谱 其他、DS和非DS电池的光谱灵敏度将 也要衡量。 在果蝇视叶中，髓质的小视野DS细胞（初级细胞） 运动检测器）将被识别，并且它们将被表征 生理上的。 顺序与同时周期的传输 从光感受器到小视野DS细胞的信息将被 使用波形的谐波分析逐步分析， 药理学试剂来改变这些波形。 可能的抑制作用 大视野非DS髓细胞在非线性面积总和中的作用 将被测试

The principal objective of this proposal is to determine how visual interneurons interact to detect movement and directions of movement. Intracellular recordings will be made in the turtle retina from directionally selective (DS) ganglion cells and from recently discovered DS amacrine and bipolar cells, and in the fly optic lobes from 3d and higher order, movement detecting neurons and their photoreceptor, laminar, and medullary cell inputs. Identifications of penetrated cells will be made by intracellular injections of Lucifer yellow, and it will be seen if there are any dye couplings between similar or dissimilar cells. The principal stimuli will be moving gratings. To understand the underlying mechanisms of motion detection better, the periodic responses elicited by these sequential stimuli will be compared, using Fourier analysis, with flicker responses to simultaneous periodic stimuli. In the turtle retina, the main questions to be answered are whether or not directional selectivities result from interactions within a network of DS ganglion, amacrine and bipolar cells and what the roles of GABAergie and cholinergic amacrine cells are. Secondarily, spectral sensitivities of horizontal cells will be measured in order to confirm the identities of R/G and B/G color opponent cells, to characterize the spectral properties of H4, and to test models of inputs onto horizontal cells of cones with known action spectra. Spectral sensitivities of other, DS and non-DS cells will also be measured. In the fly optic lobes, small-field DS cells of the medulla (the elementary motion detectors) will be identified, and they will be characterized physiologically. The transmission of sequential vs. simultaneous periodic information from the photoreceptors to the small-field DS cells will be analyzed stage by stage using harmonic analysis of waveforms and pharmacological agents to modify these waveforms. The possible inhibitory roles of large-field, non-DS medullary cells in nonlinear areal summation of lobular plate giants will be tested.