ANTI-CARBOHYDRATE ANTIBODIES IN CELL BIOLOGY

凝集素已被广泛用作研究细胞表面糖的探针。 尽管凝集素的特性太广，不能具体说明 细胞表面的碳水化合物结构。此外，凝集素是 多价，很难转化为单价状态，因此， 吞噬细胞迅速被细胞吞噬，并表现出各种细胞毒作用。 相反，抗碳水化合物抗体直接针对定义的单一 糖脂或低聚糖衍生物的碳水化合物结构显示 窄的特异性，没有明显的细胞毒性，很容易转化为 单价片段(Fab)。 这项建议包括：1.广泛研究基本条件 一大类单抗的制备及一般性能研究 抗碳水化合物抗体，以及2.这种抗体及其 各种细胞生物学研究中的单价衍生物：a)测定 细胞表面和细胞内各种糖类的数量和质量 与动物细胞功能有关的细胞内膜(细胞接触、细胞 增殖等)b)多价和单价抗体对 纯化的抗糖抗体对细胞表面功能的影响 淋巴细胞介导的免疫反应，如阻断靶细胞的破坏。 这种方法将有助于解决细胞生物学中的各种问题， 尤其是细胞增殖的调控机制。 膜糖。

Lectins have been used widely as a probe for study of cell surface saccharides although the specificities of lectins is too broad to specify a definite carbohydrate structure on the cell surface. Furthermore, lectins are multivalent, difficult to convert into a monovalent state, they are, therefore, pinocytocyzed rapidly by cells, and express various cytotoxicities. In contrast, the anti-carbohydrate antibody directed against a defined single carbohydrate structure of a glycolipid or oligosaccharide derivative shows narrow specificity, no demonstrable cytotoxicity, and is readily converted to a monovalent fragment (Fab). This proposal includes: 1. Extensive studies on basic conditions for preparation of and general properties of a large variety of monospecific anti-carbohydrate antibodies, and 2. use of such antibodies and their monovalent derivatives in various cell biological studies: a) determination of the quantity and the quality of various saccharides on cell surfaces and in intracellular membranes as related to animal cell functions (cell contact, cell proliferation, etc,) b) effect of multivalent and monovalent antibodies on surface functions and c) effect of purified anti-carbohydrate antibodies on lymphocyte mediated immune reaction such as blocking of target cell destruction. The approach will be useful in solving various problems in cell biology, particularly the control mechanism of cell proliferation through membrane-saccharides.