CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS, BEHAVIOR AND REPRODUCTION

拟议的工作旨在确定神经和内分泌机制 潜在的产生和夹带的年周期节律的 繁殖、体重、食物摄入和冬眠。 该物种是 被研究的是金背地松鼠和欧洲仓鼠。 具体项目包括：（1）建立 昼夜节律，特别是频率的作用 将昼夜节律的倍增作为测量 （2）产后性功能的评估 分化为季节性发育的性别差异体 体重和血浆促黄体激素水平（3）测定 雌二醇对体重年周期的相移作用， 说明雌二醇影响下丘脑的部位 （4）确定脂质作为 生殖、冬眠和身体的年周期同步器 重量. 脂质对食物摄入反馈调节的影响将 在体重循环的几个阶段进行评估（5） 比较视交叉上核作为振荡器的作用， 光周期引起的年周期节律与 非光周期性授时计（6）肾上腺作用的评价 类固醇激素在血浆促黄体生成的年周期节律中的作用 激素（7）恒温过程中激素分泌模式的测定 （8）对冬眠的作用的评估 室旁核参与年周期节律的产生。 参数 要测量的包括体重、食物摄入、自发活动， 促黄体激素和睾酮水平的血浆，体温和 生殖状态的几个形态和生理指标。 拟议的研究将开发与以下方面有关的概念和数据： 理解和操纵人类的年周期节律， 是情感障碍的季节性周期的基础

The proposed work seeks to identify neural and endocrine mechanisms underlying the generation and entrainment of circannual rhythms of reproduction, body weight, food intake and hibernation. The species to be studied are the golden-mantled ground squirrel and the European hamster. Specific projects include: (1) Elaboration of the relation between circadian and circannual rhythms, in particular the role of frequency demultiplication of circadian rhythms as a mechanism for measuring circannual intervals (2) Assessment of the role of postnatal sexual differentiation for the development of seasonal sex differences in body weight and plasma luteinizing hormone levels (3) Determining the phase-shifting effects of estradiol on the circannual body weight cycle and specifying the sites within the hypothalamus at which estradiol influences circannual time-keeping processes (4) Establishing the role of lipids as synchronizers of circannual cycles in reproduction, hibernation and body weight. The effects of lipids on feedback regulation of food intake will be assessed at several phases of the circannual body weight cycle (5) comparison of the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei as oscillators for circannual rhythms entrained by photoperiod versus those synchronized by non-photo-periodic zeitgebers (6) Evaluation of the role of adrenal steroids in the generation of circannual rhythms of plasma luteinizing hormone (7) Determination of hormone secretory patterns during homothermic and heterothermic phases of hibernation (8) Assessment of the role of the paraventricular nuclei in the generation of circannual rhythms. Parameters to be measured include body weight, food intake, locomotor activity, luteinzing hormone and testesterone levels in plasma, body temperature and several morphological and physiological indices of reproductive status. The proposed research will develop concepts and data relevant to understanding and manipulating human circannual rhythms presumed to underlie seasonal cycles in affective disorders.