Balancing redox homeostasis and the metabolic network through metabolite compartmentalisation: SLC25A13, aspartate, and the mitochondrion

线粒体通常被称为细胞的发电站，代表细胞代谢活动的联系，将营养物质转化为细胞修复和生长的有用构件。其核心是使营养物质进出线粒体的能力，以便它们在整个细胞中可用。这是通过线粒体中的营养转运蛋白实现的，其中许多是SLC 25基因家族的成员。SLC 25 A13是两种转运蛋白之一，已被证明可以将两种氨基酸-谷氨酸和天冬氨酸-移入和移出线粒体。天冬氨酸对许多不同的细胞过程特别重要，因此细胞在不同条件下的使用可能会发生变化。因此，我们最近的一项实验令我们感到惊讶，当细胞的氧气供应有限时，细胞会抑制这种转运蛋白，因此它们不再使用它。这表明我们不了解这种转运蛋白是如何工作的-如果我们想更好地了解我们的细胞在不同条件下如何使用营养物质，这是关键。我们在这里的提议将阐明SLC 25 A13转运蛋白的各个方面-它的外观，它在不同细胞环境中如何控制以及这对它支持细胞功能和存活的能力意味着什么。

The mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, representing a nexus of the cellular metabolic activity that converts nutrients into useful building blocks for cell repair and growth. Central to this is the ability to get nutrients into and out of the mitochondria so that they are available for use throughout the cell. This is achieved through the nutrient transporters - in the mitochondria, many of these are members of the SLC25 gene family. SLC25A13 is one of two transporters that have been shown to move two amino acids - glutamate and aspartate - into and out of mitochondria. Aspartate is particularly vital for a number of different cellular processes, so its use by cells in different conditions may change. We were therefore surprised when one of our recent experiments showed that when cells are limited for oxygen, the cells suppress this transporter, so they can no longer use it. This suggests that we don't understand how this transporter works - something which is key if we are to better understand how our cells use nutrients when in different conditions. Our proposal here will shed light on all aspects of the SLC25A13 transporter - how it looks, how it is controlled in different cellular environments and what this means for its ability to support cell function and survival.