NEW REPORTER GENES

描述：(改编自调查人员摘要)有很多基因 在一个活着的有机体里。以目前的技术，需要相当长的时间 去调查每一起案件。在这里，研究人员提议开发新的 记者基因以方便这些研究并减少所涉及的工作 在分析基因表达和调控方面。这些记者将允许 同时监测多个基因。此外，他们还 它们本身具有的性质也可能开启新的实验 在蛋白质结构和功能研究中的可能性。这个 更多报告基因的获得也将促进对 多种基因和细胞系统。一个细胞中的多个基因，或者 不同的单元格，可以独立标记和跟踪。这些新的 报告基因将对复杂的细胞系统特别有用，如 在发育模式上。指示基因的类型 调查人员寻找的主要是像大肠杆菌LacZ这样的水解物 β-半乳糖苷酶基因，可以分解许多具有 常见的部分，如β-半乳糖苷酶。常见的部分可以是 加入了许多化学物质，这些化学物质很容易通过它们的颜色或 被酶释放后的光发射。最近， 研究人员已经发现了这些类型的酶的稳定版本， 包括β-半乳糖苷酶在内的嗜热菌 物种。目前，调查人员正在对一种 热-β-半乳糖苷酶，其基因tbg已被克隆 水生黄热菌是一种易于生长的真细菌。独一无二的优势 来自嗜热细菌的酶的特点是它们通常是异常的 稳定，可在远高于任何一种来自 来自哺乳动物的。这使得即使在存在的情况下也可以进行检测 一种具有相同活性的内源性酶。它们还可以用作 在含有具有相同嗜中性标记基因的细胞中的标记 活动。特别是，研究人员建议筛选和克隆 来自高温或其他微生物来源的潜在新报告基因。 这些分子将被表征并用于制造基本分子的载体 对通常研究的生物体中的基因和蛋白质的生物学研究， 包括细菌、酵母，以及优先考虑的哺乳动物细胞。 选择标记酶是因为它们的易用性和能力 在各种条件下都能正常工作。

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted from Investigators' Abstract) There are many genes in a living organism. With current technology it takes considerable time to investigate each one. Here the investigators propose to develop new reporter genes to facilitate these studies and to reduce the work involved in assaying gene expression and regulation. These reporters will allow multiple genes to be monitored simultaneously. In addition, they themselves have properties that may also open up new experimental possibilities in studies of protein structure and function. The availability of additional reporter genes will also facilitate studies of multiple gene and cell systems. Multiple genes in a cell, or genes in different cells, can be marked and followed independently. These new reporter genes will be especially useful for complex cell systems such as in developmental patterns. The type of indicator genes that the investigators seek primarily are hydrolyses like the Escherichia coli lacZ beta-galactosidase gene which can hydrolyze many substrates that have a common moiety such as a beta-galactosidase. The common moiety can be joined to many chemicals that can be detected easily by their color or light emission after they are liberated by the enzyme. Recently, the investigators have found stable versions of these types of enzymes, including beta-galactosidases, in thermophilic bacteria of the Thermus species. Currently the investigators are characterizing a thermo-beta-galactosidase enzyme whose gene tbg they have cloned from Thermus aquaticus, which is an easy to grow eubacteria. A unique advantage of enzymes from thermophilic bacteria is that they are often exceptionally stable and can function at temperatures well above any enzyme from a mammalian source. This allows them to be assayed even in the presence of an endogenous enzyme with the same activity. They can also be used as markers in a cell containing a mesophilic marker gene with the same activity. In particular, the investigators propose to screen for and clone potential new reporter genes from thermophilic or other microbial sources. These will be characterized and used to make vectors for basic molecular biological studies of genes and proteins in commonly studied organisms, including bacteria, yeast, and, with first priority, mammalian cells. Marker enzymes will be selected for their ease of use and ability to function under a wide range of conditions.