CIRCANNUAL RHYTHMS, BEHAVIOR AND REPRODUCTION

总体目标是明确哺乳动物神经内分泌基础 行为中的年周期节律（汽车）。 所有的实验都将在 金背地松鼠（Spermophilus lateralis）。 旨在 包括：（1）评估松果体在光夹带中的作用 （2）阐明光和褪黑激素携带 （3）表征汽车对褪黑激素的相位响应曲线， （4）确定褪黑激素和雌二醇作用的神经部位 相移汽车;（5）在大脑中定位环管起搏器;（6） 评估性别差异的circancannual组织;（7）评估 视交叉上核在颞叶组织中的作用 冬眠CAR和（8）确定内源性性腺激素是否 防止冬眠并标志着冬眠季节的结束。 人类年节律的生物学起源，包括季节性 情感障碍，这是普遍接受的 研究中的汽车 动物仍然是这一主题的主要信息来源， 了解和操纵人类汽车的最佳前景。

The overall goal is to specify the neuroendocrine bases for mammalian circannual rhythms (CARs) in behavior. All experiments will be conducted on the golden-mantled ground squirrel (Spermophilus lateralis). Aims include: (1) assessing the role of the pineal gland in photic entrainment of CARs; (2) elaborating the ways in which light and melatonin entrain CARs; (3) characterizing the phase response curve of CARs to melatonin and estradiol; (4) determining neural sites at which melatonin and estradiol phase-shift CARs; (5) localizing circannual pacemakers in the brain; (6) assessing sex differences in circannual organization; (7) evaluating the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei in temporal organization of the hibernation CAR and (8) establishing whether endogenous gonadal hormones prevent torpor and signal the end of the hibernation season. The biological origin of human annual rhythms, including seasonal affective dysfunctions, is generally accepted. The study of CARs in animals remains the major source of information on the subject and holds the best prospect of understanding and manipulating human CARs.