NEURONAL BASIS FOR CARDIORESPIRATORY INTEGRATION

局部血流和心输出量的调节是 与呼吸密切协调，以确保适当的氧气和 面对多变的气候， 能源需求。 神经心血管和呼吸反射 在健康过程中发挥重要调节作用，也可能 会导致成人睡眠呼吸暂停等临床疾病 新生儿中枢性和阻塞性呼吸暂停， 婴儿死亡综合症 呼吸节律的神经基础 生成和中央心血管控制仅部分 理解和中央连接负责 这两个基本职能的整合在很大程度上仍然是 神经性的。 例如，负责 延髓呼吸发生器的兴奋作用 交感神经流出是完全未知的， 负责血管扩张效应的髓内通路 由心肺和其他受体的激活产生 也控制呼吸。 许多证据已经表明， 延髓可能在心肺整合中起关键作用 和中枢化学敏感性。 因此， 拟议的研究将致力于研究几种类型的 腹外侧髓细胞， 其特征在于从连接性的观点来看， 神经递质含量和电生理特性。 努力将主要集中在四个吻腹外侧 脊髓网状细胞，C1肾上腺素能神经元，神经元 舌下神经束间核Boetzinger复合体 呼气相关神经元和交感神经兴奋性起搏- 制造者神经元之前在这个实验室中描述过。 实验方法将包括现代跟踪 技术和单单位记录与离子电渗 药物的“体内”和“体外”应用。 其他实验 也被设计来测试假设，某些类型的 延髓脊髓呼吸前运动神经元位于外 延髓头端腹外侧区可直接支配脊髓 节前神经元 结合起来，这些实验将 让我们更加了解中央心脏- 呼吸整合运作，并可能导致 在中枢化学感受中起重要作用的神经元 功能

The regulation of regional blood flows and cardiac output is closely coordinated with respiration to ensure proper oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in all body organs in the face of variable energy demands. Neural cardiovascular and respiratory reflexes which play important regulatory roles during health, may also contribute to clinical disorders such as sleep apnea in the adult and central and obstructive apnea of the newborn and the sudden infant death syndrome. The neuronal basis of respiratory rhythm generation and central cardiovascular control are only partially understood and the central connections responsible for the integration of these two essential functions remain largely conjectural. For example, the central pathways responsible for the excitatory influence of the medullary respiratory generator on the sympathetic outflow are totally unknown as are the intramedullary pathways responsible for the vasomotor effects produced by activation of cardioplumonary and other receptors which also control respiration. Much evidence already suggests that the rostral ventrolateral medulla may play a crucial role in cardiorespiratory integration and central chemosensitivity. Thus a major portion of the proposed research will be devoted to a study of several types of ventrolateral medullary cells which will be extensively characterized from the standpoint of connectivity, neurotransmitter content and electrophysiological properties. Efforts will be mainly concentrated on four rostral ventrolateral medullary reticulospinal cells, the C1 adrenergic neurons, neurons of nucleus interfascicularis hypoglossi, the Boetzinger complex expiratory related neurons and the sympathoexcitatory pace- maker neurons previously described in this laboratory. The experimental approach will include modern track-tracing techniques and single-unit recordings with iontophoretic application of drugs "in vivo" and "in vitro". Other experiments are also designed to test the hypothesis that certain types of bulbospinal respiratory premotorneurons located outside the rostral ventrolateral medulla might directly innervate spinal preganglionic neurons. In combination, these experiments will increase our understanding of the way in which central cardio- respiratory integration operates and may lead to the idenification of neurons with an essential role in central chemosensory function.