HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION

重要的是要知道大脑半球的不对称性是否在认知上 处理是人类智力和意识独有的，还是 它们代表了脊椎动物更基本的适应。此外，如果其他人 动物确实有类似人类的偏侧化，那么存在这样一种可能性 多人研究大脑半球特化的神经机制 现代技术不适合人体实验。此外, 侧向性的认知和结构模型可能会被有意义地评估 既有动物的数据，也有人类的数据。这样的研究应该 对了解各种疾病有深远的影响，例如 阅读障碍、免疫紊乱、精神障碍和荷尔蒙 不平衡，现在与非典型的侧化有关 大脑。 研究人员正在对恒河猴进行研究，看看它们的左右手 大脑半球的认知过程与人类大脑半球不同。 众生相。这是通过独立地测试分离的半球来完成的 大脑分裂的猴子对各种已知的视觉辨别能力 以显示人类受试者的偏侧化处理。的主要功能 歧视被操纵，对侧化的影响被注意到。 当大脑分裂的患者表现出类似的表现时，也会寻找这样的影响 区分，允许半球专业化的相似性 这两个物种都有待评估。例如，看起来分裂的大脑和大脑 猴子和人类用右手可以更好地处理面部信息 大脑半球比左侧强。面部翻转的效果 对识别的刺激正在被研究，因为它们允许特定的 需要测试的面部处理模型。一旦测量了偏侧性 对于各种任务，应该可以看到性能有多好 在不同的任务中相互关联，然后推断是否偏侧化 功能产生于基本的半球差异。

It is important to know whether hemispheric asymmetries in cognitive processing are unique to human intelligence and consciousness or whether they represent more fundamental vertebrate adaptations. Moreover, if other animals do have human-like lateralization then the possibility exists of studying the neural mechanisms of hemispheric specialization with many modern techniques not appropriate for human experiments. In addition, cognitive and structural models of laterality may be evaluated meaningfully with data from animals as well as from human beings. Such research should have profound effects for understanding a variety of diseases, such as dyslexia, immune disorders, psychiatric disturbances, and hormonal imbalances, that are now being associated with atypical lateralization of the brain. Rhesus monkeys are being studied to see whether their left and right hemispheres differ in cognitive processing as do the hemispheres of human beings. This is done by independently testing the separated hemispheres of split-brain monkeys on a variety of visual discriminations that are known to show lateralized processing in human subjects. Key features of the discriminations are manipulated and the effects on lateralization noted. Such effects also are looked for when split-brain patients perform similar discriminations, allowing the similarity of hemispheric specialization in both species to be assessed. For example, it appears that both split-brain monkeys and human beings process facial information better with the right cerebral hemisphere than with the left. The effects of inverting facial stimuli on recognition are being studied because they permit specific models of facial processing to be tested. Once laterality has been measured for a variety of tasks, it should be possible to see how well performance in different tasks correlates, and then to infer if lateralization of function arises from fundamental hemispheric differences.