SOCIAL BASES OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR

诊断和治疗在很大程度上受到患者情绪反应的影响 患者可能患有的任何疾病（实际或假定）。 的 疾病的自然过程也受到患者情绪的影响， 例如，在一个实施例中，恐惧、希望、愤怒、悲伤或抑郁。 但是尽管 情绪对医疗实践的重要性得到了广泛的认可， 我们对情感的理解， 日常生活贫乏得令人吃惊。 大多数当代理论认为 情绪是生物学上的原始反应，甚至是社会心理学上的反应。 理论倾向于把生理唤醒作为 情感体验 相比之下，目前的建议是基于 假设情绪是社会结构--暂时的社会角色， 可以这么说。 这种社会建构主义的观点将注意力集中在 规则（社会规范）有助于构成各种情绪。 符合 其中两项研究旨在探讨 情感的规范性方面。 其中第一个涉及一个 逻辑/历史分析所谓的“基本”情绪;第二个是一个 对一种情感的深入分析 这是一个基本的，而且，在医学上是非常重要的， 实践--即希望。 另一个必须从一个 社会建构主义观点与个体差异有关， 情绪反应，即，能力和态度，促进 扮演情感角色。 提出了两项进一步的研究， 这个问题

Diagnosis and treatment is heavily influenced by the emotional reactions of patients to whatever disease (actual or presumed) they might have. The natural course of the disease is also influenced by the patient's emotions, e.g., fear, hope, anger, sadness or depression. But in spite of the widespread recognition of the importance of emotions for medical practice, our understanding of the emotions as conceived and experienced by people in everyday life is suprisingly meager. Most contemporary theories view emotions as biologically primitive responses; even social psychological theories tend to focus on physiological arousal as the central attribute of emotional experience. By contrast, the present proposal is based on the assumption that emotions are social constructions--transitory social roles, so to speak. Such a social-constructivist view focuses attention on the rules (social norms) that help constitute various emotions. In line with this, two of the studies being proposed are designed to explore the normative aspects of emotions. The first of these involves a logical/historical analysis of so-called "basic" emotions; the second is an in-depth analysis of one emotion that historically has been considered basic--one that, moreover, is extremely important in medical practice--namely, hope. Another problem that must be addressed from a social-constructivist view has to do with individual differences in emotional reactivity, i.e., the abilities and attitudes that facilitate the adoption of emotional roles. Two further studies are proposed that address this issue.