PERIMENOPAUSE: SLEEP AND BREATHING PATTERNS

这项横断面研究的目的是调查特征 45例有症状和15例无症状围绝经期妇女（年龄 45-55岁）、15名绝经前女性（45-55岁）和15名绝经后女性 女性（50-60岁）。 受试者心理正常，在理想身材的15%以内 体重，不服用雌激素，失眠或抑郁症药物治疗，非 吸烟者，以及没有重大身体或精神疾病史的人， 在实验室里连续睡两个晚上，一个用来调整， 一个用于测量。 围绝经期的选择标准报告 月经周期改变，包括闭经不超过2年 持续时间、促卵泡激素（FSH）水平升高和/或报告 失眠、潮热或抑郁症状。 这些标准在 绝经前妇女和闭经至少八年的特征是 绝经后组。 主要目的是1）描述和比较睡眠模式，包括 入睡潜伏期、睡眠片段化、唤醒睡眠结构; 2)描述24小时体温节律; 3）确定 潮热和周期性呼吸（呼吸暂停和呼吸不足）及其影响 4）确定血浆卵巢类固醇激素是否 与睡眠障碍、周期性呼吸或抑郁有关;以及 5)据报道，确定抑郁症症状之间的关系 失眠、潮热和睡眠障碍。 将使用标准化程序通过EEG、EOG和EMG监测睡眠; 周期性异常呼吸，伴有肺阻抗描记术， 口腔电刺激;体温与直肠动态监测 皮肤热敏电阻和电阻电极的潮热; 血清激素放射免疫测定;抑郁症;两个观察者访谈 评定量表;和绝经期症状与自我报告工具。 数据 分析将针对确定睡眠之间的差异， 有症状和无症状的围绝经期妇女以及 绝经前和绝经后状态。 此外，关联测试 将完成变量之间的关系：包括将 潮热和周期性呼吸与睡眠模式;激素水平与 睡眠模式、周期性呼吸和抑郁;以及 睡眠模式紊乱

The purpose of this cross-sectional study is to investigate characteristics of sleep in 45 symptomatic and 15 asymptomatic perimenopausal women (ages 45-55 years), 15 premenopausal women (45-55 years) and 15 postmenopausal women (50-60 years). Subjects who are psychologically normative, within 15% of ideal body weight, not taking estrogen, insomnia or depression drug therapy, non smokers, and with have no history of major physical or mental illness will sleep in a laboratory for two consecutive nights, one for adjustment and one for measurement. Selection criteria for perimenopause are reported menstrual cycle changes, including amenorrhea of not more than 2 years duration, elevated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level and/or reported insomnia, hot flash or depressive symptoms. These criteria are absent in premenopausal women and amenorrhea of at least eight years characterizes the postmenopausal group. The major aims are to 1) describe and compare sleep patterns including latency to sleep onset, sleep fragmentation, arousals an sleep structure; 2) describe 24 hour body temperature rhythms; 3) determine the incidence of hot flashes and periodic breathing (apneas and hypopneas) and their effect on sleep; 4) determine whether plasma ovarian steroid hormones are associated with sleep disturbances, periodic breathing or depression; and 5) determine the relationships between symptoms of depression, reported insomnia, hot flashes and disturbed sleep. Sleep will be monitored by EEG, EOG, and EMG using standardized procedures; periodic abnormal breathing with impedence pneumography, and nasal and buccal thermistors; body temperature with ambulatory monitoring of rectal temperature; hot flashes with a skin thermistor and resistance electrodes; hormones by serum radioimmunoassay; depression with two interview-observer rating scales; and menopausal symptoms with a self-report instrument. Data analysis will be directed to determining differences in sleep between symptomatic and asymptomatic perimenopausal women and women with premenopausal and postmenopausal status. In addition, tests of association between the variables will be done: including relating the frequency of hot flashes and periodic breathing with sleep patterns; hormone levels with sleep patterns, periodic breathing, and depression; and symptoms with disturbed sleep patterns.