OCCUPATION, ENERGY EXPENDITURE & HEALTH OF MIDLIFE WOMEN

这项研究的目的是描述和比较健康状况 (身心健康)中年女性从四个传统 不同能量消耗水平和地位的女性职业。 现有的研究已经提供了关于 激素水平和环境因素变化的单向度影响 关于中年女性的健康。现在需要一种多元的 解释健康的方法将有助于未来的发展 促进健康的干预措施。拟议的研究将使用经过测试的 护理理论框架对健康行为的影响探讨 能量消耗与人口特征的中介效应 (年龄、职业、工作方式、婚姻状况、家庭成员)、 环境资源(收入)、既往健康状况(绝经状态、生命 长时间的体力活动模式，心肺功能，身体指数， 荷尔蒙状态、总胆固醇和血压)、认知 评价(对更年期的态度)和内在动机(健康 自我决定论)对中年妇女健康状况的影响。200个样本 年龄在35岁至60岁之间，按年龄和种族分层的女性将从 4个雇员名单(50名注册护士、50名护士助理、50名 大学教授、50名电话接线员)。详细的调查问卷 将解决健康状况、能源支出、人口结构 特征、环境资源、认知评价、内在 动机和既往健康状况(更年期状态和终生身体状况 活动模式)。有关以前健康状况的其他数据将通过以下方式获得 雌二醇和卵泡刺激素测定、总胆固醇和心肺功能 用自行车测功器进行测试。中年女性的一种解释模型 将提供身体症状和心理健康。本研究 将提供所需的对这些多焦点因素的描述 对中年女性的健康状况有影响。从这些数据中，护士可以 制定和实施基于经验的干预措施，目标是 支持和改善与此相关的健康问题 女性生命中的过渡时期。

The purpose of this study is to describe and compare the health status (physical and psychological health) of midlife women from four traditional female occupations of differing levels of energy expenditure and status. Existing studies have contributed essential data regarding the unidimensional impact of changing hormone levels and environmental factors on the health of midlife women. There is now a need for a multivariate approach to explaining health which will assist in the future development of health promoting interventions. The proposed study will use a tested nursing theoretical framework of health behavior to explore the impact of energy expenditure and the mediating effects of demographic characteristics (age, occupation, work patterns, marital status, family members), environmental resources (income), previous health (menopausal status, life long physical activity patterns, cardiorespiratory fitness, body index, hormonal status, total cholesterol and blood pressure) , cognitive appraisal (attitude toward menopause) , and intrinsic motivation (health self-determinism) on the health status of midlife women. A sample of 200 women, aged 35-60, stratified by age and race will be randomly sampled from four employee lists (50 registered nurses, 50 nursing assistants, 50 university professors, 50 telephone operators). A detailed questionnaire will address health status, energy expenditure, demographic characteristics, environmental resources, cognitive appraisal, intrinsic motivation and previous health (menopausal status and life long physical activity patterns). Additional data on previous health will be obtained by estradiol and FSH assays, total cholesterol and cardiorespiratory fitness testing with a bicycle ergometer. An explanatory model of midlife women's physical symptoms and psychological health will be provided. This study will provide the much needed description of those multifocal factors which have an impact on midlife women's health status. From these data nurses can develop and implement empirically based interventions targeted at supporting and ameliorating health problems associated with this transitional time in women's lives.