DEVELOPMENT OF DECISION MAKING

这项研究调查了 儿童、青少年和成人的决策。 假设 获得决策的能力， 对个人目标的理性是一个基本的 对重大生活决策的适应性反应的必要条件。 决定 制作是一个多阶段的认知过程，需要 关于决策的一般和特定领域的知识， 获取新信息的战略 信息不足以作出知情选择， 用于将信息编码成备选的表示， 行动方针及其后果，以及 根据决策者的 目标. 实验的重点是决策的发展 从小学到成年 两个任务 被雇用。 第一个是电脑游戏， 要求受试者在两种赌博中做出选择 以旋转游戏的形式呈现。 第二个任务， 在这个建议中，是一个模拟病人的知情 关于替代医学的同意决定。

The proposed research investigates the cognitive development of decision making in children, adolescents, and adults. It is assumed that the acquisition of competencies for making decisions that are rational with respect to the individual's goals is a fundamental requisite for adaptive responses to major life decisions. Decision making is presented as a multi-stage cognitive process, requiring general and domain specific knowledge concerning the decision, strategies for acquiring new information when the available information is insufficient for an informed choice, competencies for encoding information into a representation of alternative courses of action and their consequences, and procedures for evaluating these alternatives with respect to the decision maker's goals. The experiments focus on the development of decision making from the elementary school years through adulthood. Two tasks are employed. The first is a computerized video game that requires subjects to choose between alternative gambles presented in the form of a spinner game. The second task, to be piloted in this proposal, is a simulation of patient's informed consent decision concerning alternative medical treatments.