STRAIN IN THE FACIAL BONES OF MACACA FASCICULARIS

这里提出的研究将有助于在功能上 了解灵长类面部区域的形态。 灵长类的脸由咀嚼装置支配，并且 因此，本研究将分析两者的性质 咀嚼力量以及这些力量如何在整个过程中消散 灵长类的脸。这将通过分析In 食蟹猴面部骨骼的活体应变 应变计。花环应变计(三个应变片元件 彼此之间具有已知取向的)将直接结合 用氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂粘到脸部骨骼上。这只猕猴会 然后咬一口换能器(或咀嚼各种食物)，骨骼拉伤 将在海图记录器和FM磁带记录器上进行监控 录音机。在一些拟议的实验中，电学 各种颌肌(EMG)的活动将在一项 示波器，也记录在调频磁带录音机上。按顺序 准确地将动物的行为(下巴位置)与 骨骼应变(和肌电)数据、动物和图表记录器(或 示波器)将被录像。两者的分屏显示 将生产动物和海图记录器(或示波器) 并被记录下来。最大值的大小和方向以及 然后将确定最小主应变。后表面 菌株已经沿着不同的区域进行了表征 面部(如后眼眶、颧骨前根、 眶上和眶下区域)，内应力模式 将从表面应变的模式中推断出来。这件事会做到的 为了了解外力(肌肉和 反作用力)作用于面部，以及猕猴面部骨骼如何 消除咀嚼压力。

The research proposed here will contribute to a functional understanding of the morphology of the primate facial region. The primate face is dominated by the masticatory apparatus, and therefore, this research will analyze both the nature of masticatory forces and how these forces are dissipated throughout the primate face. This will be accomplished by an analysis of in vivo strain along the facial bones of Macaca fascicularis using strain gages. Rosette strain gages (three strain-gage elements with a known orientation to one another) will be bonded directly to facial bones with a cyanacrylate adhesive. The macaque will then bite a transducer (or chew various foods), and bone strain will be monitored on a chart recorder and recorder on an FM tape recorder. In some of the proposed experiments the electrical activity of the various jaw muscles (EMG) will be monitored on an oscilloscope, and also recorded on the FM tape recorder. In order to correlate precisely the animal's behavior (jaw position) with the bone strain (and EMG) data, the animal and the chart recorder (or oscilloscope) will be videotaped. A split-screen display of both animal and the chart recorder (or oscilloscope) will be produced and recorded. The magnitude and direction of the maximum and minimum principal strains will then be determined. After surface strains have been characterized along different regions of the face (e.g. the postorbital bar, anterior root of the zygoma, supraorbital and infraorbital region), patterns of internal stress will be inferred from patterns of surface strain. This will be done in order to understand the nature of external forces (muscle and reaction forces) acting on the face, and how macaque facial bones dissipate masticatory stress.