Magnetic Properties Measurement System for Manchester and National EPR Facility

材料的磁性在物理科学的所有领域都具有重要的基础意义，而且在技术上也具有巨大的重要性。测量这些磁性需要专门的仪器，而最灵敏的方法是通过“超导量子干涉装置”（SQUID）磁力计方法。这里的建议是购买最新型号的SQUID磁力计，它包括重要的功能，如用于磁铁和样品冷却的封闭系统（无冷冻剂）低温恒温器（消除对液氦的不可持续依赖），用于动态测量的交流（AC）和振动样品磁力计（VSM）选项，用于结构-功能关系的样品旋转，用于多功能材料的光激发，以及非常宽的温度范围。新仪器将在测量速度（样品吞吐量）和新型测量（例如可获得不同时间尺度的磁行为动力学）方面显着提高磁测量的能力。所要求的仪器是市面上最灵敏的。这些新设备将为曼彻斯特大学的化学、物理、材料、计算机和地球科学等一系列跨学科科学提供基础。将支持的领域包括：纳米到微米尺度的磁性，从分子到“人造原子”（量子点）到薄膜和图案阵列；由此产生的新物理学，包括磁记忆，或制冷，或挫折效应；新化学与锕系元素化学键的性质自旋电子学;金属废物转化为有用材料的生物修复。此外，它将用于表征在光刻、数据存储和生物医学应用等领域正在开发的新材料，包括通过成熟的中小企业。新的磁力计将被纳入EPSRC国家EPR设施，这将通过一个既定的机制确保最广泛的影响和英国国家的可用性。通过将其与最先进的EPR光谱仪（电子顺磁共振，连续波和脉冲）放在同一个实验室，该提案将建立一个非常强大的科学设施，因为这些互补的方法是研究顺磁性材料的两种最强大的技术。

The magnetic properties of materials are of fundamental importance across all areas of physical science and, moreover, are of enormous technological importance. The measurement of these magnetic properties requires specialised instrumentation, and the most sensitive method is via "super-conducting quantum interference device" (SQUID) magnetometer methods. The proposal here is to purchase the latest model SQUID magnetometer that includes important features such as a closed-system (cryogen free) cryostat for magnet and sample cooling (removing unsustainable reliance on liquid helium), alternating current (AC) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) options for dynamic measurements, sample rotation for structure-function relationships, optical excitation for multifunctional materials, and a very wide temperature range of study. The new apparatus will significantly enhance capability in magnetic measurements both in terms of speed of measurements (throughput of samples) and new types of measurements (e.g. accessibility to different timescales of dynamics of magnetic behaviour). The instrumentation requested is the most sensitive that is available commercially. The new equipment will underpin a huge range of interdisciplinary science at The University of Manchester across chemistry, physics, materials, computer and earth sciences. Areas that will be supported include: magnetic properties on the nano- to micron-scale, from molecular to "artificial atom" (quantum dot) to thin-films and patterned arrays; new physics that results from this, including magnetic memory, or refrigeration, or frustration effects; new chemistry and the nature of chemical bonding involving actinide elements; spintronics; bioremediation of metal wastes into useful materials. Moreover, it will be used to characterise new materials that are being exploited in areas including lithography, data storage, and biomedical applications including via established SMEs. The new magnetometer will be incorporated into the EPSRC National EPR Facility, which will ensure the widest impact and UK national availability through an established mechanism. By housing it in the same laboratory as state-of-the-art EPR spectrometers (electron paramagnetic resonance, continuous wave and pulsed) the proposal will establish a hugely powerful scientific facility since these complementary methods are the two most powerful techniques for studying paramagnetic materials.