Integrated heating and cooling networks with heat-sharing-enabled smart prosumers

项目目的本项目提出了一种利用近地温网络实现零碳供热和供冷一体化的解决方案，使建筑物能够利用热泵和制冷机与网络进行热能交换，满足其供热和制冷需求。当一栋建筑需要制冷时，它会将多余的热量输送到网络，以平衡另一栋建筑的供暖需求。因此，在本项目中，我们指的是“平衡供热和制冷网络”(BHCN)。本研究的主要贡献在于：(I)采用多目标优化方法研究BHCN的优化设计和运行，以平衡系统成本和通过提供灵活服务为整个电网提供的价值。特别是，我们将研究季节间的热储存，以及在BHCN中使用NH3和CO2(作为水的替代品)作为热传输介质的可行性。(Ii)设计一个能够实现点对点(P2P)供热共享的本地供热市场，以最大限度地利用现场的零碳热能来源，以及(Iii)找出阻碍实施BHCN的技术、监管和政策障碍(即管理从现状向BHCN的过渡)。这项研究还将建立英国在零碳和常温热网方面的重要研究能力。背景：根据2017年清洁增长战略，英国政府认为，为了实现我们的碳目标，脱碳热能是我们最困难的政策和技术挑战。能源效率和低碳供热方面的进展仍然低于预期水平，天然气基础设施继续扩大，这对实现最近设定的2050年净零目标构成风险。热网络的作用：《清洁增长战略》指出，到2050年，将有17%的家庭供热和17%至24%的服务业供热通过热网络提供。气候变化委员会表示，根据技术经济模型，到2050年，大约有500万户家庭可能会使用区域供暖。然而，尽管到2050年需要在当前水平上增加约十倍，但热网络的增长仍然缓慢。日益增长的降温需求：与供应低碳热量的迫切需求相吻合，由于人口增加和气候变化的影响，导致热浪和气温上升更加频繁，英国(和全球)对降温的需求也在增加。根据BRE的数据，英国高达10%的电力用于空调和制冷。由于这种增加使用制冷的既定趋势，英国用于制冷的电力比例预计将进一步上升。一种潜在的零碳供暖和供冷解决方案：平衡式供热和制冷网络(BHCN)，是一种区域供暖系统，它将接近地面温度的水循环到建筑物，允许建筑物使用自己的热泵取暖，或在需要冷却时将热量输出到网络。BHCN通过在更低的温度下运行，解决了传统热网络的许多缺点，从而最大限度地减少了热损失，并降低了高度绝缘管道的成本。它们还为将各种可再生热源整合到网络中提供了机会。工作方案WP1-案例研究定义WP2-评估可再生热源和跨季节储存WP3-BHCNWP4-开发对等(P2P)热共享的方法和工具WP5-管理实施和过渡到BHCN

Project aimThis project proposes a solution for integrated supply of zero carbon heating and cooling using near ground temperature networks that enable buildings to use heat pumps and cooling machines to exchange thermal energy with the network and meet their heating and cooling demand. When a building demands cooling, it rejects its excess heat to the network that can balance the heating demand of another buildings. Therefore, in this project we refer to such networks as 'balanced heating and cooling network' (BHCN). Key contributions of this research are: (i) To investigate the optimal design and operation of BHCN using a multi-objective optimisation approach to balance costs of the system and the value it can provide to the whole power grid via providing flexibility services. In particular, we will examine inter-seasonal heat storage, and also the feasibility of using NH3 and CO2 (as alternatives to water) for heat transport mediums in BHCNs. (ii) To design a local heat market that enables peer-to-peer (P2P) heat sharing to maximise the use of zero carbon sources of thermal energy on-site, and (iii) To identify technical, regulatory and policy barriers against implementing BHCNs (i.e. managing the transition from status quo to BHCN). This research will also build significant UK research capacity in zero carbon and ambient temperature heat networks.BackgroundThe need for decarbonising heat supply: According to the 2017 Clean Growth Strategy, the UK Government believes 'decarbonising heat is our most difficult policy and technology challenge to meet our carbon targets'. Progress on energy efficiency and low carbon heat provision remains below expected levels and natural gas infrastructure continues to be expanded which poses risk to achieving the recently set net zero goal for 2050. The role of heat networks: The Clean Growth Strategy suggests 17% of domestic heat and between 17% and 24% of service sector heat could be provided through heat networks in 2050. The Committee on Climate Change suggests around 5 million homes could use district heat by 2050 based on techno-economic modelling. However, heat network growth is slow despite requiring around a tenfold increase from the current level by 2050. The growing demand for cooling: Coinciding with the crucial need for supplying low carbon heat, the demand for cooling is also increasing in the UK (and globally) due to population increase and climate change impacts which are leading to more frequent heatwaves and temperature rises. According to BRE, up to 10% of all UK electricity use is for air conditioning and cooling. Because of this established trend toward increased use of cooling, the proportion of UK electricity used for cooling is expected to rise further. A potential solution for zero carbon supply of heating and cooling: Balanced Heating and Cooling Networks (BHCN), are a form of district heating system which circulates water at near ground temperature to buildings allow them to use their own heat pumps to extract heat for heating, or to export heat to the network when cooling is required. BHCNs address many of the drawbacks of conventional heat networks through operating at reduced temperature and therefore minimising heat losses and reduce the cost of highly insulated pipes. They also open up opportunities for integrating various sources of renewable heat into the networks. The circuit can also be extended to new buildings at limited cost.Work ProgrammeWP1 - Case study definitionWP 2 - Assessing renewable heat sources and inter-seasonal storageWP 3 - Techno-economic appraisal of BHCNWP 4 - Development of a methods and tools for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) heat sharingWP 5 - Managing implementation and transition to BHCNs