Exascale Computing for System-Level Engineering: Design, Optimisation and Resilience

百亿亿次计算机的到来将为我们模拟高度复杂的工程和自然系统的能力开辟新的领域。这将为未来高度集成的新型工程系统的设计和优化创造新的机会。它还将允许开发复杂自然系统的“数字双胞胎”，例如人体和沿海/河流区域，这将允许我们探索和管理个性化医疗保健和自然环境管理的工程主导干预措施。未来的百亿亿次计算机将是高度并行的，有数十万或数百万个进程共同工作。利用这种显著的并行性需要在数学、数值方法、软件工程和支持模拟的软件工具方面取得巨大进步，并且将依赖于这些领域的专家共同努力。复杂工程和自然系统的特征是不同但紧密耦合的物理过程，模拟这些物理过程对协调多个过程的模拟提出了额外的挑战，例如在磁场影响下围绕移动结构的气流产生的噪声，或人体的流体、固体、电和化学相互作用。该项目汇集了来自计算机科学，数学和工程的专家工作组，以解决如何在未来的百亿亿级系统上模拟耦合物理过程的挑战。它还将讨论如何将从真实系统收集的大量数据集成到模拟过程中，如何评估不确定性以及如何解释百亿亿次模拟将产生的大量数据。该工作组将为百亿亿次计算的研究制定路线图，并为百亿亿次软件技能的研究软件工程师培训提供支持。

The arrival of exascale computers will open new frontiers in our ability to simulate highly complex engineered and natural systems. This will create new opportunities for the design and optimisation of new, highly integrated engineered systems for the future. It will also allow the development of 'digital twins' of complex natural systems, such has the human body and coastal/river regions, that will allow is to explore and manage engineering-led interventions in personalised healthcare and management of the natural environment.The exascale computers of the future will be highly parallel with hundreds of thousands, or millions of processes, working collectively. Exploiting this remarkable level of parallelism will require dramatic advances in the mathematics, numerical methods, software engineering and software tools that underpin simulation, and will depend on experts in each of these areas coming together. The simulation of the different but tightly coupled physical processes that characterises complex engineered and natural systems poses additional challenges of coordinating the simulation of multiple processes, such as the noise created by an airflow flow around a moving structure under the influence of a magnetic field, or the fluid, solid, electrical and chemical interactions a human body. This project brings together of working group of experts from computer science, mathematics and engineering to address the challenge of how to simulate coupled physical process at a system level on future exascale systems. It will also address how to integrate into the simulation process the vast quantity of data that can be collected from real systems, how to assess uncertainties and how to interpret the vast quantities of data that exascale simulations will generate. The working group will formulate roadmaps for enabling research for exascale computing, and support research software engineer training for exascale-ready software skills.