MULTIDIMENSIONAL DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF ABNORMAL VOCAL

需要定量的方法来评估嗓音障碍， 对病理性声乐的声学相关因素进行了大量的研究， 质量. 大多数基于声学的研究的目标是找到声学 测量：（1）可用于检测喉病理 和（2）与感知程度和/或感知类型相关 发音困难 例如，已经表明，来自 发音困难的说话者表现出异常大的周期到周期的变化， 基频（抖动）和声音幅度（闪烁）。 它还 已经证明，发声困难的声音显示出异常大量的 加性噪声;即信噪比与 从正常的扬声器进行测量。 然而，相对来说， 已知各个声学参数如何组合联合收割机来影响 听众对音质的总体印象。 目前的研究是 旨在研究四个人的个人和互动贡献， 控制感知嘶哑的声学参数：（1）抖动，（2） 闪烁，（3）信噪比和（4）平均基频 （FO）。 实验室的计算机将被用来合成持续元音 抖动、闪烁、信噪比（S/N）和平均值 基频（F0） 这些刺激将用于一系列 心理声学实验主要是为了回答两个问题：（1） 感知的个体或单变量之间的关系是什么？ 嘶哑和抖动，微光和S/N比，以及（2）抖动如何， 微光、信噪比和平均FO联合收割机影响感知的声音嘶哑。 的 多元听力实验的结果将使用 多维标度（MDS）。 MDS分析 将被用来确定：（1）主观方面的基础 感知的嘶哑，（2）给予每个人的相对感知权重 （3）这些维度与四个维度之间的关系 被操纵的声学特性。 然后将尝试 将这些发现扩展到声音嘶哑等级和声学测量 从自然发生的正常和紊乱的声音中获得。 的 这些实验的结果应该证明是非常有用的，在开发一个 对数量和质量都敏感的基于声学的指数 声音嘶哑 这种类型的测量技术将是有用的， 为临床医生和科学家发声， 感知的语音质量和语音的声学属性之间的关系。

The need for quantitative methods to evaluate voice disorders has motivated a good deal of research into the acoustic correlates of pathological vocal quality. The goal of most acoustic-based research is to find acoustic measurements that: (1) can be used in the detection of laryngeal pathology and (2) correlate well with perceived degree and/or perceived type of dysphonia. For example, it has been shown that voice samples from dysphonic speakers exhibit abnormally large cycle-to-cycle variations in fundamental frequency (jitter) and voice amplitude (shimmer). It has also been demonstrated that dysphonic voices show unusually large amounts of additive noise; i.e. signal-to-noise ratios are poor compared to measurements made from normal speakers. However, relatively little is known about how individual acoustic parameters combine to influence a listener's overall impression of vocal quality. The present research was designed to study both the individual and interactive contributions of four acoustic parameters in controlling perceived hoarseness: (1) jitter, (2) shimmer, (3) signal-to-noise ratio and (4) mean fundamental frequency (FO). A laboratory computer will be used to synthesize sustained vowels varying in jitter, shimmer, signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and mean fundamental frequency (FO). These stimuli will be used in a series of psychoacoustic experiments designed primarily to answer two questions: (1) what are the individual or univariate relationships between perceived hoarseness and jitter, shimmer and S/N ratio, and (2) how do jitter, shimmer, S/N ratio and mean FO combine to affect perceived hoarseness. The results of the multivariate listening experiments will be analyzed using a statistical procedure called multidimensional scaling (MDS). MDS analysis will be used to determine: (1) the subjective dimensions underlying perceived hoarseness, (2) the relative perceptual weight given to each dimension and (3) the relationship between these dimensions and the four acoustic properties being manipulated. An attempt will then be made to extend these findings to hoarseness ratings and acoustic measurements obtained from naturally occurring normal and disordered voices. The results of these experiments should prove very useful in developing an acoustically based index that is sensitive to both the quantity and quality of hoarseness. A measurement technique of this type would be useful both to voice clinicians and to voice scientists studying the relationship between perceived voice quality and the acoustic attributes of speech.