Osteobiographical investigation of disability and care in Medieval Europe (B-CARED)

从过去的残疾个体的生物考古学特征是特别具有挑战性的，因为它推动了病理的人类遗骸可识别的解释的界限。b - care将研究生物考古学的方法来重现“过去的生活”。在这样做的过程中，骨传记方法提供了一个可能的框架，在这个框架中，人类遗骸不仅被用来理解生命中的具体经历，而且还被用来理解人们在生命的不同时期扮演的不同社会角色（例如，病人、治疗师、医生、护理者）。考虑到疾病的含义、治疗方法，很可能还有护理习俗，鉴于可获得的书面文件的数量，中世纪是一个理想的时期。b - care有两个目的：(1)使用骨传记的方法来探索需要照顾的人的生活叙事；(2)通过理论视角将残疾对个人及其周围人的影响置于背景下。为了确定骨传记生活叙事的各个方面，b - care将重点关注环境、遗传学、通过古病理学评估（大体形态和可能的病原体aDNA）获得的健康状况、通过同位素分析获得的饮食和流动性、与职业活动和死亡方式相关的生物力学压力。它有一个现实的工作计划，分为步骤，通过多层骨传记调查。为第一个目标获取信息的步骤将允许重建生活叙述。然后，在社区一级的结果的背景化将扩大解释，通过利用丰富的骨骼信息来抵消残疾人的不可见性。研究人员将获得多学科分析和骨传记理论视角的技能

The bioarchaeological characterization of disabled individuals from the past is particularly challenging because it pushes the boundaries of the interpretation of pathologies recognisable on human remains. B-CARED will investigate the bioarchaeological approaches for recreating "Past to life". In so doing, the osteobiographical approach offers a possible framework, in which human remains are used to understand not only the embodied experience during life but also seeing people as playing diverse social roles (e.g. patient, healer, doctor, carer) at different times during life. Considering the meaning of disease, methods of treatment and, quite possibly, caregiving customs, Medieval times is an ideal period given the amount of written documentation available. B-CARED has two aims: (1) to use the osteobiographical approach to explore a life narrative of a person in need of care, and (2) to contextualize the impact of disability on individuals and the people around them through the theoretical lens. To identify aspects of an osteobiographical life narrative B-CARED will focus on contexts, genetics, health status via palaeopathological assessment (gross morphology and where possible aDNA of pathogens), diet and mobility via isotopic analyses, biomechanical stress related to occupational activities and death ways. It has a realistic workplan divided into steps that go through the multi-layered osteobiographical investigation. The steps to obtain information for the first aim will permit reconstruction of a life narrative. Then, the contextualization of the results at community level will broaden the interpretation, counteracting the invisibility of disabled persons by drawing on the abundance of skeletal information available. The Researcher will gain skills in both multidisciplinary analyses and theoretical perspectives in osteobiography