(SuperCO2) Phase transition of supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) in transonic flows for shaping next-generation turbines

超临界二氧化碳(SCO2)循环发电技术具有结构紧凑、效率高、安全性高、环境友好等优点，是一种很有发展前途的发电技术。然而，由于超临界-气液三相转变中伴随着传热传质过程的复杂流动行为，SCO2在临界点附近的相变是影响SCO2系统长期运行和可靠性的突出问题之一，目前对其认识还不够深入。该项目旨在揭示跨音速流动中SCO2非平衡凝结的基本认识，并潜在地促进下一代清洁、高效动力循环的发展。SuperCO2项目的贡献：通过提出实验和数值研究，该项目将有助于理解跨音速流动中SCO2的非平衡凝结。该模型能够精确地确定SCO2相变过程中纳米液滴的形成和生长过程。拟议的项目深入了解了SCO2在临界点附近的相变，这不仅将减少热力学和空气动力损失，还将提高涡轮机部件的可靠性和寿命，这超出了对当前SCO2技术的最先进理解。因此，SCO2项目显示了潜在地促进新一代动力循环发展的突破性雄心。预计将有4000多篇论文发表在著名的同行评议期刊上。由于SCO2循环的广泛应用，这一独特的项目不仅将有助于欧洲电力行业，包括新发电技术的研发，而且将促进相关领域的基础研究水平，如超临界流体流动和凝结动力学。

Overview and aims of the SuperCO2 project: The supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycle is a promising power generation technology with the advantages of compactness, efficiency, high safety and environmental friendliness. However, the phase transition of sCO2 near the critical point, one of the salient issues affecting long term operability and reliability of sCO2 systems, is still not fully understood due to the complicated flow behaviour in supercritical-gas-liquid phase transitions accompanied by heat and mass transfer processes. The proposed project aims to reveal the fundamental understanding of the nonequilibrium condensation of sCO2 in transonic flows and potentially promote the development of the next-generation clean, efficient power cycle.Contribution of SuperCO2 project: The proposed project will contribute to the understanding of the nonequilibrium condensation of sCO2 in transonic flows by proposing experimental and numerical studies. This model is able to precisely determine the formation and growth of nanodroplets with heat and mass transfer during the sCO2 phase transition. The proposed project providing a deep understanding of the phase transition of the sCO2 near the critical point, which will not only reduce thermodynamic and aerodynamic losses but also improve the reliability and life of turbine components, goes beyond the state-of-the-art of understanding of the current sCO2 technology. Thus, the sCO2 project shows a breakthrough ambition to potentially promote the development of a new generation of power cycles. More than 4 papers are expected to be published in prestigious peer-reviewed journals. Duo to wide applications of the sCO2 cycles, this unique project will not only be helpful to the European power industry, including the R&D of new power generation technology but also will promote the fundamental research level in related areas, such as supercritical fluid flow and condensation dynamics.