ENERGY BALANCE AND INSULIN SENSITIVITY

饮食限制（DR）一贯减缓衰老的速度，而 降低老年病的发病率并延缓老年病的发作， 非灵长类物种 这个项目的目标是确定 对衰老和疾病的影响。 本组件研究 该项目旨在评估DR对监管的影响， 从综合的生理学观点来看，衰老过程中的新陈代谢。 将测量身体组成和身体脂肪分布， 与胰岛素敏感性以及胰岛素和葡萄糖水平有关。 的 将评估胰岛素水平与代谢率的关系。 的 将检验以下假设：1）DR将导致 体重、体脂和瘦体重，然后稳定在 更低的水平。 这些变化将伴随着持续的 能源利用水平和效率的变化。（二） DR相关的糖调节和代谢率变化代表 基本的老化过程，至少部分独立于 身体成分的变化，因此将与 其他生物老化的指标。 在这方面， 衰老和DR对葡萄糖的影响，通过 蛋白质和DNA是与年龄相关的变化的一般介质。 这 该项目还将探索增加胰岛素的细胞机制， 使用GLUT-4葡萄糖转运蛋白研究的DR敏感性 骨骼肌中的水平。 更好地了解 中年人特有的高胰岛素血症和葡萄糖水平升高 是很重要的，因为这些情况与更大的风险有关。 对于许多与年龄有关的疾病，包括高血压，心血管疾病， 疾病，脑血管疾病，外周血管疾病，青光眼， 白内障和肾病。

Dietary restriction (DR) consistently slows the rate of aging, while reducing the incidence and delaying the onset of age-related disease in nonprimate species. The goal of this program is to determine the effects of DR on aging and disease in rhesus monkeys. This component research project is designed to evaluate the impact on DR on the regulation of metabolism during aging from an integrative, physiologic standpoint. Body composition and distribution of body fat will be measured and related to insulin sensitivity and to insulin and glucose levels. The relationship on insulin levels to metabolic rate will be assessed. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) DR will result in reductions in body weight, body fat and lean body mass, followed by stabilization at lower levels. These changes will be accompanied by sustained alternations in both the level and efficiency of energy utilization. 2) DR-association changes in glucoregulation and metabolic rate represent fundamental aging processes that are at least partially independent of changes in body composition, and consequently will be associated with other measures of biologic aging. In this context, elucidating the effects of aging and DR on glucose, via nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and DNA, is a general mediator of age-related change. This project will also probe the cellular mechanisms of increased insulin sensitivity with DR using studies of the GLUT-4 glucose transporter levels in skeletal muscle. Improved understanding of the hyperinsulinemia and elevated glucose levels characteristic of middle age is important, because these conditions are associated with a greater risk for many age-related diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, glaucoma, cataract, and nephropathy.