Decarbonising cementitious materials through carbon capture and utilisation (CO24Cem)

脱碳混凝土生产非常重要，因为它直接造成了全球约9%的二氧化碳排放。低碳混凝土领域的学术研究压倒性地聚焦于一套有限的供应侧脱碳措施，如碳捕获和封存，而普遍忽视了碳捕获和利用的巨大潜力。CO24Cem将解决这一知识差距和脱碳目标，提供一种通过使用废弃的二氧化碳对废弃混凝土进行碳化处理而生产的近乎零二氧化碳排放的水泥。CO24Cem的主要科学目标是创造出具有足够高反应活性的碳化水泥，使其含有~0%的硅酸盐水泥熟料，这是水泥厂生产的高二氧化碳材料。这一目标将通过在水泥化学和碳化工艺技术方面取得突破性进展来实现，这将涉及碳化反应器原料(报废水泥浆体)的化学修改、碳化反应器条件的优化以及在其配合比设计中使用新的材料组合。该项目的成功将为欧洲水泥生产彻底脱碳创造一条重要途径，并实现该行业非能源材料的~100%回收。这项突破性的水泥技术在全球数十亿吨规模上也将具有极好的使用潜力。在CO24Cem中，将使用这项突破性技术生产近零二氧化碳排放的混凝土产品，并伴随着生命周期评估研究，以证明其可行性和巨大的潜在有利影响。总体而言，CO24Cem代表着水泥和混凝土行业朝着脱碳迈出了重要的一步，这是1.5-2摄氏度气候变化缓解目标中最难实现的关键方面之一。

Decarbonising concrete production is important since it is directly responsible for ~9% of global CO2 emissions. Academic research in low carbon concrete has overwhelmingly focused on a limited set of supply-side decarbonisation measures, such as carbon capture and storage, broadly overlooking the huge potential of carbon capture and utilisation. CO24Cem will address this knowledge gap and decarbonisation goal by delivering a near-zero CO2 emissions cement produced by carbonating end-of-life concrete with waste CO2. The main scientific aim in CO24Cem is to create this carbonated cement with sufficiently high reactivity so it contains ~0% Portland cement clinker, which is the high-CO2 material produced in cement plants. This aim will be achieved by making breakthrough advancements in cement chemistry and carbonation process technology, which will involve chemical modification of the carbonation reactor feedstock (end-of-life cement paste), optimisation of the carbonation reactor conditions, and the use of novel combinations of materials in its mix design. Success here will create an important pathway to completely decarbonise European cement production and achieve ~100% recycling of non-energy materials in this industry. The breakthrough cement technology will also have excellent use potential globally at the multiple gigaton scale. In CO24Cem, near-zero CO2 emissions concrete products will be produced using this breakthrough technology, accompanied by a life cycle assessment study, to demonstrate its feasibility and the massive potential beneficial impacts. Overall, CO24Cem represents a significant step towards decarbonising the cement and concrete industries, which is one of the most difficult to achieve yet essential aspects of 1.5-2 C temperature rise climate change mitigation targets.