EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON SCHEDULE-CONTROLLED BEHAVIOR OF EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

药物在相关物种中的行为药理学特征 是必要的，以定量评估药物作为一种 强化者或惩罚者，以及确定其刺激作用。 固定间隔和固定比例的送餐时间表 组件在这种类型的研究中使用最频繁，因为 它们产生了广泛的响应速度和响应模式 会议，并为慢性研究提供稳定的长期基线 单独的动物。本项目涉及对这两个项目的评估 多种药物对人体的急性和慢性影响 计划控制的行为。我们最近已经表明，增强的 阿片类拮抗剂对行为效应的敏感性观察 纳曲酮受GABA能过程的影响，尤其是受一种 作用于GABA相关氯离子通道。此外，这一点 敏感度可能与Mu和Delta阿片类药物的变化有关 感受器。众所周知，遗传因素会影响行为效果。 一些不同的药物，以及对它们之间相互作用的研究 环境和遗传因素可能会影响 行为耐受性和敏感度的发展正在启动。 行为活性药物也可以作为区别对待的刺激 引导行为选择。两级和三级毒品歧视 实验室中的项目帮助定义和描述了 药物产生的行为影响的光谱，以比较一个范围 其他化合物，如可卡因、L-丙戊烯、吗啡、咪达唑仑和 咖啡因用来表征生产的相对效力和功效 类药物作用，并评估药物的作用机制 受体水平。由于大多数人类吸毒行为都涉及到慢性 长期使用违禁药物或非医疗滥用处方药物 用药，长期用药的后果 时序控制行为与药物的鉴别功能 正在接受评估。尽管宽容的发展和 依赖与药物因素有关，耐受性也可以 受环境因素的影响。例如，两国之间的互动 药物管理和执行任务的能力可以导致 差异耐受性是慢性每日剂量和 治疗持续时间。

The behavioral pharmacological profile of a drug in a pertinent species is necessary to evaluate quantitatively how the drug functions as a reinforcer or a punisher as well as to establish its stimulus effects. Schedules of food presentation with both fixed-interval and fixed-ratio components have been used most frequently in this type of study since they generate a wide range of rates and patterns of responding within a session and provide stable, long-term baselines for chronic studies in individual animals. The present project involves the assessment of both the acute and chronic effects of a variety of drugs on schedule-controlled behavior. We have recently shown that the enhanced sensitivity observed to the behavioral effects of the opioid antagonist naltrexone is influenced by GABAergic processes, and in particular by an action at the GABA associated chloride channel. Further, this sensitivity may be associated with changes in both mu and delta opioid receptors. Genetic factors are known to influence the behavioral effects of a number of different drugs, and studies of the interactions between environmental and genetic components that potentially affect the development of behavioral tolerance and sensitivity are being initiated. Behaviorally active drugs can also serve as discriminative stimuli to guide behavioral choice. Two- and three-lever drug discrimination projects in the laboratory have helped to define and characterize the spectrum of behavioral effects produced by the drug, to compare a range of other compounds, such as cocaine, l-deprenyl, morphine, midazolam, and caffeine to characterize the relative potency and efficacy to produce drug-like effects, and to evaluate the drug's mechanisms of action at the receptor level. Since most human drug-taking behavior involves chronic long-term use of an illicit drug or non-medical abuse of a prescribed medication, the consequences of chronic administration of drugs on schedule-controlled behavior and the discriminative functions of drugs are being evaluated. Although the development of tolerance and dependence are related to pharmacological factors, tolerance can also be modified by environmental factors. For example, the interaction between drug administration and the ability to perform the task can result in differential tolerance that is a function of chronic daily dose and duration of treatment.